The Role Of Role Confusion Within The Adolescent Years

All of Erik H. Eriksons’ stages of development are significant, but the Identity vs. Role Confusion in the adolescent years was the one that impacted me the most prominently. The Identity vs. Role Confusion stage typically happens between the ages of twelve to eighteen, though it can potentially extend into other periods in a persons lifetime. This stage is concerned with developing a concrete personal identity and developing fidelity to a role. If the individual fails at this stage, they are often left with a weak sense of self and who they want to be in the future, often being unsure about subjects such as desired career, likes and dislikes, goals, and sexual orientation. This stage greatly pertains to peers and role models. In fact, Identity vs. Role Confusion is one of the most vital stages in a persons life and plays a substantial role in how a person feels regarding their existence once they are in their senior years. A study performed on elderly people which evaluated their overall sense of coherence later in life showed that, â€Å"[f]our of the Eriksonian developmental stages were found to be significantly correlated with sense of coherence: the conflicts about trust/mistrust, autonomy/shame, identity/identity diffusion, and intimacy/isolation† (Rennemark and Hagberg). This study proves how important being successful in finding a sense of identity is to the rest of a persons life. Often, the adolescent years led to a vigorous exploration, and is recognized as theShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review On Adolescent Identity Development1141 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescent Identity Development: Suggestion for a LGBTQ Identity Model Introduction The purpose of this literature review is to provide an in depth evaluation of the research on adolescent identity development. Specifically, to examine the limitations and gaps in the literature for LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans*, and Queer) adolescent populations. There are many limitations to using traditional adolescent identity models for LGBTQ youth (Bilodeau Renn, 2005; Talburt, 2004). It is my hopeRead MoreThe Suicide And Suicide Prevention1534 Words   |  7 Pageseffort to end one’s life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), suicide was the tenth leading cause of death for all ages among Americans in 2013. It is the second leading cause of death among fifteen to twenty-nine year olds globally stated by World Health Organization (2015). Suicide being ranked that high on the lists of causes for deaths is astonishing because each of those deaths was preventable. Having awareness, knowledge, and the resources about suicide andR ead MoreSocial Development And Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescence (12-18 years of age) stage in human development is the period between puberty to legal adulthood. During this transitional stage physical, emotional, intellectual, social and psychological changes occur. This essay will discuss about some transition on socio-cultural and cognitive aspects as well as two normative and a non-normative events occurring during this stage. Erikson’s theory of social development and Piaget’s theory of cognitive development has been used in this essay to discussRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Personality1587 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson refined eight physcosocial stages that he believed humans confront throughout their life The stages are Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair Erikson was said to be influenced by Freud but rather than speaking on psychosexual Stages, he explains the psychosocial stages throughout a human life which made it completely differentRead MoreSocialisation, Personal Identity, Gender Identity And Gender Roles1313 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal identity, Gender Identity and Gender Roles: Boundless.com defines ‘Socialisation’ as â€Å"a term used to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies providing the individual with the skills and habits necessary for precipitating within one’s society, thus the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained† (Boundless.com, 2015). The process of socialisation involves an individual such as an adolescent to have interactions with various agentsRead MoreErikson s Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development1706 Words   |  7 PagesErikson created eight stages to describe the changes a person experiences after adolescents. Within each stage of development, a person undergoes a crisis or learns a specific concept about themselves that will determine how they are in the future. Once someone overcomes the crisis or predicament, he has then established one part of himself and is able to continue on to the next stage. First, children from birth to one year old battles the crisis of trust versus mistrust. In this stage, babies developRead MoreDevelopmental Stages And Theories Of Development861 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresents an internal conflict that will greatly define who and individual becomes and the choices they will make later in life based on their experiences within each stage. During the adolescent years, the conflict of interest in Erikson’s psychosocial theory deals with identity and identity confusion (Ashford et al, 2013). These years are crucial in developing a youth’s self-esteem. Young people are highly self-conscious. Their perceptions of self are easily influenced as they become uncertainRead MoreErik Erikson s Development Theory1603 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted by these various factors. Identity vs. Role Confusion The adolescence stage of development in Erikson’s theory was labeled as identity vs. role confusion. Teenagers begin developing a sense of who they are in the world by testing different roles and forming them into a single identity (Erikson Handout, 2017). However, Erikson’s idea of the typical adolescent and identity does not completely take into account different cultures or atypical roles of sexuality. Cultural Differences One indicationRead MoreYoung Person Who Is Going Through Adolescence Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesDefined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary adolescents is â€Å"a young person who is developing into an adult: a young person who is going through adolescence† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2016), Everyday adolescents are exposed to many ideas about their sexuality. There are several major factors that play into an individual adolescent’s views of sexuality. This dissociation between the ideas being pushed on children about sex causes confusion. Adolescents receive their sexual education and ideasRead MoreIdentity Development Theory And Eriksons Theory Of Adolescence Development743 Words   |  3 Pagesdenotes the major theories of adolescence development; however in this study we limit ourselves to Erik Erikson’s identity development theory. For Erikson (1950) adolescence is a period during which individuals seek to avoid dangers of role diffusion and identity confusion by establishing a sense of personal identity. Individuals have to find answers for two major questions â€Å"who am I?† and â€Å"what is my place in society?† Identity is a â€Å"conscious sense of individual uniqueness† and an â€Å"unconscious striving

An Explication of Beowulf’s Monologue About His Past Free Essays

Katie Taylor EH 215 Volf 4 February 2013 Beowulf’s Past Beowulf is an epic poem that is filled with episodes and digressions that provide a better understanding of the poem as a whole. In one of the episodes, Beowulf speaks of his past, and the reader can learn about his upbringing as a child and how it has affected him as an adult. This monologue also gives some information about King Hrethel and his sons. We will write a custom essay sample on An Explication of Beowulf’s Monologue About His Past or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main purpose of this anecdote, however, is to describe how and when Beowulf began his career of combat and fame. Within Beowulf’s monologue, the author utilizes alliterations and kenning to help the poem flow and to emphasize the strength and valor of Beowulf as an epic hero. One such example is the kenning used at the beginning of the episode. It reads, â€Å"Beowulf, son of Ecgtheow, spoke†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2425). Instead of the phrasing reading â€Å"Beowulf spoke,† this phrase adds vigor to the beginning. It reinforces the idea that Beowulf is seen as an extremely powerful hero that can take on anything that comes his way as opposed to â€Å"just Beowulf. If â€Å"son of Ecgtheow† were not used, Beowulf would seem almost boring compared to the magnificent, heroic image that comes to mind when this phrase is employed. Alliteration is also used to allow the poem to flow and also to provide an interesting element to otherwise bland sentences. â€Å"While I was in his ward he treated me no worse as a wean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is referring to King Hrethel’s â€Å"adoptionâ €  of Beowulf after his father died (2432). The repetition of the W sound allows easy movement through the story that Beowulf tells, and it keeps the reader interested in what is being said. Another example of alliteration is the lines 2479-2480: â€Å"My own kith and kin avenged these evil events, as everybody knows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Without any sound repetition, the reader would become bored with the story, but the author strategically places these examples of alliteration in the epic to provide more exciting details. Along with these rhetorical devices, this passage gives significant details bout Beowulf’s upbringing. The reader learns that Beowulf’s father Ecgtheow dies when Beowulf is only seven years old. King Hrethel takes him in, though, and treats him like one of his own sons. Later, the king’s oldest son Herebeald is accidentally killed by his younger brother Haethcyn. King Hrethel is so depressed that he lay down and dies from grief. Afterward, there is a battle between the Swedes and the Geats, in which Hrethel’s son Haethcyn, the new king, is killed in battle. Hygelac, the last son of Hrethel and now the new king of the Geats, gave Beowulf treasure and land for fighting alongside them. This battle seems to be one of the first that Beowulf participated in. He says, â€Å"I marched ahead of him [Hygelac], always there at the front of the line; and I shall fight like that for as long as I live†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2497-2499). After that first battle, Beowulf launched himself into a life of war and fame, constantly craving the recognition and treasures that came after a successful battle or killing. Beowulf’s monologue about his past allows readers into his mind so that they can understand why he fights the way he does and where he came from in the first place. Without this episode, the poem as a whole would suffer because there would be no back story to explain Beowulf’s desire to defeat monsters and achieve the fame that he thinks he deserves. Perhaps he is making up for the fact that his father died when he was so young: he is trying to live a life that would make his father proud that Beowulf was his son. How to cite An Explication of Beowulf’s Monologue About His Past, Essay examples

International Community But Holds Promise †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Community But Holds Huge Promise? Answer: Introduction Indonesia is a rising Asian giant which has been largely ignored by the international community but holds huge promise for the future based on the recent economic performance and rising political stability. The GDP of the nation is 9th largest in the world on PPP basis and has witnessed rapid strides in the last decade or so. This is apparent from the fact that even at the height of the financial crisis in 2008-2009, Indonesia was the second fastest growing economy in the world placed only after China (Elias and Noone, 2011). The objective of the current paper is to critically analyse the countrys economic performance based on three key aspects namely production output, labour and price. A period of 10 years starting from 2004 onwards has been taken for consideration. Further, the report also aims to provide an outline of the key indicators along with the government initiatives in order to ensure robust performance across these three key aspects which are pivotal for sustainable grow th. Production Output Performance Analysis In order to analyse the production output performance of the country, it is essential to discuss the major performance indicators which are highlighted below (Mankiw, 2012): The real gross domestic product (GDP) is the total of the market values of all the goods and services which are produced in the country at constant prices in a specified price time period. This specified time frame is generally the income year. For a specified time period (mostly yearly or quarterly) the % change in the GDP at constant prices is termed as real GDP growth rate. It is considered to be a main performance indicator which is used in order to determine the economic growth rate of the country. The living standards of the residents of the respective country are generally measured based on the GDP per capita. The value of GDP per capita is determined as furnished below: The high value of GDP per capita is the indicator of the improvement of the living standards of the citizens of the country which then indicates the economic growth of the country (Hoover, 2012). GDP Growth Rate Figure 1: INDONESIA GDP GROWTH RATE (2004-2013) Based on the above chart, it can be seen that for the ten years starting from year 2004 to 2013, the real GDP growth rate was in the excess of 4%. Further, the minimal value of 4.1% had been recorded at the end of year 2009. However, it can be noticed that there was not much effect of global financial crisis on the economy of Indonesia because the economic growth of the country is more dependent on the domestic demand. Therefore, GDP growth rate attracted high capital after the financial crisis. In ten periods, the maximum real GDP growth rate i.e. 7.2% had been recorded at the end of the financial year 2004 (Trading Economics, 2017). GDP Per Capita Figure 2: INDONESIA GDP PER CAPITAL (2004-2013) It is apparent from the above highlighted GDP per capita trend that the living standards of the residents of Indonesia have kept on increasing. This fact is also supported from the growth of the real GDP of Indonesia which illustrates the growth of the population of Indonesia. Further, the lowest value of GDP per capita has been recorded in the year 2004 with a value of $ 2,420.58. This value had been reached a maximum value of $3,570.93 at the end of financial year 2013 (Trading Economics, 2017). Performance Trends of Indonesia Based on the above performance analysis, it is evident that the economy of Indonesia is not much dependent on the exports as compared with the other Asian economies. Therefore, it is the main reason that the economy of Indonesia has stood and maintain the constant growth even when the global financial crisis struck. Also, the strong base condition of the domestic growth of the country resulted in significant economic growth of Indonesia during these 10 years. High value of GDP per capita is also highlighted in the incremental spending of the consumers, which enhanced the confidence level of the citizens of country. The effective, stable policies of country and political support enhanced the total capital usually after 2010 which also lead to the increase in the purchasing power of the residents of Indonesia (Goodwin et al., 2013). Government Measurement GDP to Achieve the Economic Performance It has been observed that Indonesian government has taken several effective steps in order to enhance the economic performance of the country. The main features of government measurements are as furnished below (Elias Noone, 2011): Simplification of law and regulation - Indonesian government has provided the opportunity to investors to bring in capital by providing a stable legal and political regime. Significant investment in the infrastructure - In the process of improving the exports and supporting the economy of Indonesia, the government has taken cost competitive steps by investing in hard and soft infrastructure investment. Low interest credit has been offered to the respective SMEs in order to attract and support entrepreneurs which has created a positive impact on the economy of the country. Government is focusing on enhancement and development of the service sector During the peak phase of global financial crisis, the government has implemented monetary policy and prudent fiscal measure in order to spur healthy domestic demand in the country (Mankiw, 2012). Labor Market Analysis Unemployment would take place when the educated and skilled individuals who want to work but unfortunately they are not able to get job opportunity. It is known that Indonesia is a labor intensive economy which means that unemployment rate is a core measure to determine the economic growth of the country. Also, unemployment comes in the category of one of the major macroeconomic indicator to know about the economic scenario and position of the country (McTaggart, Findlay Parkin, 2012). Types of Unemployment There are three type of unemployment that are generally seen which are illustrated below (Trading Economics, 2016): Frictional Unemployment When an individual has left the current job in order to find more suitable or high payoff job then the incurred unemployment is termed as frictional unemployment (Mankiw, 2012). Cyclical Unemployment This type of unemployment arises when the business cycle changes and due to this significant reduction in the demand of employee incurred (Suryadarma et., al. 2007). Structural Unemployment This type of unemployment arises when there is automation of the existing process or sudden change in operation or in technology and the current employees are not enough competent to work in the new environment and become unemployed (Goodwin et al., 2013). Unemployment Trend in Indonesia Figure 3: INDONESIA UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (2004-2014) From the above highlighted line graph, it can be concluded that the maximum unemployment rate i.e. 11.6% was recorded in the middle of year 2005. From this time onwards, the unemployment rate in Indonesia had dropped steadily and become 6.1% in the year 2013. Also, it is noteworthy that the drop in the unemployment rate is caused due to the increase in the economic growth of Indonesia which continued even during the global financial crisis. This is also evident from high value of GDP per capita of the residents (Weale Christodoulakis, 2015). Unemployment Type in Indonesia From the past research work, it has been found that structural unemployment is the most common type of unemployment occurring in Indonesia. Major part of the employment opportunity is extended only by agriculture sector because the service sector is still in the growing phase and very limited job opportunities are available. Further, the recent college graduates tend to face unemployment even after they have knowledge and skill. Moreover, there is slight presence of cyclical unemployment in the country (Indonesia-Investments. 2015). The economy of Indonesia is kept on improving which has resulted in development of the new business cyclic and hence, cyclic unemployment is kept on decreasing especially in the last decade. It is noteworthy that presence of frictional unemployment is very limited because due to lack of employment, the current employees are not much interested to leave the current job with the objective to get suitable job (Pigou, 2013). Government Measure to Achieve Full Employment The main positive steps taken by the Indonesian government in order to achieve full employment in the country are as highlighted below (G20, 2014): Development of rural infrastructure in regards to create job opportunity in service sector rather than agriculture sector in the rural area Simplicity of law and regulation and extending suitable and stable policies which would provide platform to SMSs especially in the manufacturing industry Development of National Entrepreneurship Program in country so that entrepreneur would be able to start small and medium scale business in all part of the country Offering public vocational training program to the population so that structural unemployment can be reduced and current employees are able to work in the new advance work environment (McTaggart, Findlay Parkin, 2012). It is a market condition when the purchasing power of currency of the respective country has been reduced because the price of the goods and services has significantly increased from their base rate. Rate of inflation On an annual basis, the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is termed as rate of inflation. This rate interprets the determination of percent change in the selling price of goods or service on annual basis (McTaggart, Findlay Parkin, 2012). Inflation Trend in Indonesia Figure 4: INDONESIA INFLATION RATE TREND (2004-2014) It is shown in the above line graph that Indonesia has suffered from high inflation rate throughout the ten years period (2004 to 2013). The maximum inflation rate i.e. 17.1% had been recorded in the year 2005 while the lowest inflation rate i.e. 2.5% had been recorded at the peak of financial crisis i.e. in 2009. Also, in 2013 the inflation has reached a value 9% that is greater than inflation rate target of central bank i.e. (Trading Economics, 2017). It has been assumed that increase in demand of goods/service and incremental cost of goods/service is the two main cause of high inflation. Cost-push inflation The manufacturing cost essentially depends on a myriad of input factors which includes labour, land, capital along with entrepreneurship. The market price tends to increase when the manufacturing cost of the given underlying product tends to increase and this leads to cost push inflation. Due to higher manufacturing cost, temporary shortage of good may be observed till the price is revised to a higher value (Mankiw, 2012). Demand-pull inflation The demand pull inflation is caused when there is higher demand which the supply is not able to cater to. This may result from full level of employment or increase in income levels of the individuals. This essentially leads to availability of higher disposable income which lead to higher demand for various products thus leading to higher price for goods and services as in the short term, the supply cannot make adjustments (McTaggart, Findlay Parkin, 2012). Cause of inflation - Indonesia On account of the reasons outlined below, high inflation has been witnessed in Indonesia (UNAND, 2013). The fuel subsidies are significant and prevalent even in the present and higher revision of subsidies when oil price increases leads to higher inflation. An example of this was witnessed in 2005 when inflation in excess of 15% was observed. Demand led inflation is also prevalent on back of the economic growth that the country has witnessed leading to higher per capita income for people. Ever since 2010, there have been quite frequent fluctuations in currency value caused on account of foreign money inflow and outflow which has also led to inflation. Considering the staple food rice and rising international prices, food inflation has been a factor responsible for overall inflationary trend in certain periods. Techniques taken by Government to contain inflation The government has taken a slew of measures in order to ensure that inflation is within limits and these are outlined below (Manurung, 2013). In order to control the increasing demand, a tight or restrictive monetary policy is put into place to avoid demand led inflation as and when required. In order to streamline the supply, initiatives have been undertaken by the government in order to resolve the supply related constraints particularly in the context of rice (Sambijantoro, 2014). A critical role in this regard is played by the State Logistics Agency. The government is taking active measures so as to bring down the duel related subsidies by rationalization of the same and thereby containing inflation. Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it may be concludes that in the period under consideration, Indonesia has witnessed rapid economic growth. Even though the global financial crisis did have some impact of economic growth but it was not sufficient to reverse the growth story. There has been a decline in the unemployment as economic progress has been witnessed primarily on account of higher labour demand which may be attributed to the initiatives taken by the government. But structural issues still need to be sorted out for future growth and government intervention is required for the same. The level of inflation witnessed has been on the higher side driven by food related inflation along with ill-targeted fuel subsidies. However, measures have been taken by the government in association with the central bank to keep the rising prices under control which have achieved only moderate success till now. References G20 (2014), Employment Plan 2014 Indonesia, Retrieved on August 16, 2017 from www.g20ewg.org/index.php/.../5-employmentplans?...47...employment...indonesia Goodwin, N., Nelson, J., Harris, J., Torras, M. Roach, B., (2013). Macroeconomics in context, New York : ME Sharpe. Hoover, K. (2012). Applied intermediate macroeconomics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Indonesia-Investments (2015), Unemployment In Indonesia, Retrieved on August 16, 2017 from https://www.indonesia-investments.com/finance/macroeconomic-indicators/unemployment/item255 Mankiw, N. (2012).Macroeconomics, New York: Worth Publishers Manurung, N. (2013), Indonesia Inflation Rate at 4-Year High as Economy Set to Slow, Retrieved on August 16, 2017 from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-08-01/indonesia-inflation-rate-at-4-year-high-as-economy-set-to-slow McTaggart, D., Findlay, C., Parkin, M. (2012).Macroeconomics, French Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Pigou, A. C. (2013).Theory of unemployment, New York: Routledge Sambijantoro, S. (2014), Bank Indonesia shifts focus to supply-side of inflation, Retrieved 16 August 2017, from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/04/22/bank-indonesia-shifts-focus-supply-side-inflation.html Suryadarma, D.,Suryahadi, A. Sumarto, S. (2007), Reducing Unemployment in Indonesia: Results from a Growth-Employment Elasticity Model, Retrieved 16 August 2017, from https://www.eaber.org/sites/default/files/documents/SMERU_Suryadarma_07_2.pdf Trading Economics (2017), 300,000 Indicators from 196 countries, Retrieved 16 August 2017, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/ Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N. (2015).Macroeconomic Policy, Florence: Taylor and Francis.

The Crucible Essays (643 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, the main character Abigail Williams is to blame for the 1692 witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Abigail is a mean and vindictive person who always wants her way, no matter who she hurts. Through out the play her accusations and lies cause many people pain and suffering, but she seemed to never care for any of them except John Proctor, whom she had an affair with seven months prior to the beginning of the play. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth used to employ Abigail, until Elizabeth found out the affair and threw Abigail out. Although John told Abigail that the affair was over and he would never touch her again, she tried desperately to rekindle their romance. Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I'll ever reach for you again. (Page 23) She claimed that she loved John and that he loved her. Before the play began, Abigail tried to kill Elizabeth with a curse. She thought that if Elizabeth were dead John would marry her. Further into the play, Abigail accused Elizabeth of witchcraft. She saw Marry Warren, the Proctor's servant, making a poppet. Mary put a needle into the doll, and Abigail used that for her accusation. She stabbed herself with a needle and claimed that Elizabeth's soul had done it. Although Abigail claimed she loved John, she may have just loved the care and attention he gave her. John cared for her like no one else had. In a way he could be described as somewhat of a father figure to her. When Abigail was just a child, she witnessed her parents' brutal murders. I saw Indians smash my dear parent's heads on the pillow next to mine... (page 20) After her traumatic experience, she was raised by her uncle, Reverend Parris, who is somewhat of a villain. In the play it was written, He (Parris) was a widower with no interest in children, or talent with them. (Page 3) Parris regarded children as young adults who should be thankful for being permitted to walk straight, eyes slightly lowered, arms at the sides, and mouths shut until bidden to speak. (Page 4) Therefore, it is obvious to see that Abigail grew up without any love or nurturing. She also was without any real mother or father figures. Abigail grew up to be deceitful and treacherous, lacking trustworthiness. On account of the fear for her life, Abigail began to accuse the townspeople of witchcraft. After she and the other girls were discovered in the forest dancing, she knew that they would be whipped and possibly hung. Abigail claimed that they were bewitched, and began to name names of those who were 'with the devil'. Nothing would stop her from protecting herself. When John forced Mary Warren to tell the truth about the lies that she, Abigail, and the rest of the girls were telling, Abigail proclaimed her innocence and then began to accuse Mary of being a witch. She claimed she saw Mary's spirit in the form of a bird. But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary. (Page 115) Abigail feared for her life so much that she protected it even when John was accused of witchcraft and was sentenced to be hung. Although she loved him, she would not sacrifice herself for him. In conclusion, the cause of the witch trials was Abigail Williams. Considering the facts about her love for John, traumatic childhood, and fear for her life it is easy to see that it was Abigail's fault that the tragedy occurred. As the horrible person that she was, Abigail fought to get her way no matter whom she hurt, and unfortunately in the end she did. English Essays

Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essays

Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essays Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essay Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essay Facebook has become the largest societal media site with over 1 billion active users as of September 14. 2012. Of those 1 billion users on norm for June 2012. 552 million were considered daily active users. ( Potalinski. Oct 4. 2012 ) The universe has gone brainsick with societal media. The ability to update one’s position on anything that has an cyberspace connexion has been enhanced through technological progresss in both phones and tablets. The Federal Government deemed it necessary to supervise societal sites on October 26. 2001 with the origin of the Patriot Act. The autonomies given to the authorities since the Patriot Act was signed into jurisprudence has been debated over the possible misdemeanor of an individual’s privateness. This writer believes the Patriot Act does non go against single privateness rights. : The persons violate their ain rights by what they post. The Federal Government proctors for possible national security menaces through ticker words. The Patriot Act affords them this right. An person has the ability to talk their head. The Federal Government is merely concerned with stations that show possible menaces to national security. There have been 50 instances of menaces to national security since the Patriot Act’s origin in 2001 that have been stopped. Jason from Austin Texas was questioned and released hours following a apparently harmless personal sentiment station on Facebook. Did the Federal Government overstep the autonomies given by the Patriot Act to flush inquiry Jason? Let us happen out what the research reveals. Jason from Austin Texas merely commented on a political station one of his friends had made on Facebook sing the former Senator Rick Santorum. Jason did non uncover his full name to the newsman Jason Brashear who writes for CivilinWars. com with his narrative. For the deficiency of confusion from here on out. the newsman will be noted as Brashear. The remark that got Jason in problem was â€Å"I wish there was a charming wand to do Santorum disappear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This station was taken straight off of the station yarn on February 20. 2012. The Austin Police and two Williamson County Sherriff’s deputies were alerted to the station and tried to turn up Jason. After unsuccessfully happening Jason at his work. the officers called Jason and set up a meeting subsequently that flushing at Jason’s place. The officers explained they were at that place because of a possible menace to Senator Santorum. Jason did non cognize that Senator Santorum had a visit planned for Austin in the following few yearss. The visit was far plenty in the hereafter from the station for the local jurisprudence enforcement to be sent to Jason’s house to look into the possible menace. The officers were at that place to look around the house for any images of the Senator or grounds of anything planned against the Senator. The local governments deemed that Jason was non a menace and no farther action was taken against him. Jason’s Facebook security scenes were set up as private. The private scenes mean the stations are treated like a private e-mail amongst friends. ( Brashear. Feb 25. 2012 ) It was the perfect storm for Jason a apparently harmless station. the topic of the station coming to town in a short clip. and the Federal Government monitoring for cardinal words or phrases. The Federal Government merely reacted to identify words that pinged through their trailing system. The single privateness rights of Jason were non violated due to the contents of his station and the possible national security hazard to the presidential campaigner former Senator Santorum. Jason’s station threw up ruddy flags through the Department of Homeland Security societal media supervising system with the usage of one word. Because the station contained the word Santorum. the staying words became relevant to any probes that followed. Because the former Senator was a possible presidential campaigner for the Republican Party his name became a ruddy flag point for the Department of Homeland Security. Had Jason make the same station. but eliminate the usage of Santorum’s name. it is the belief of this writer that there would hold been no visit from the local governments. The usage of the former Senator’s name on a societal media site was the cause of the probe of Jason by the governments. It is the Federal Government’s occupation to measure every possible menace both foreign and domestic. By Santorum trying to go the Republican Party’s campaigner for President of the United States. he became a possible mark for Acts of the Apostless of terrorist act or force against that needed protection. If the monitoring of societal media by the Federal Government was non in topographic point. Jason may hold been plotting an onslaught on former Senator Santorum and executed a program of onslaught without notice. It is because of the Patriot Act and the autonomies to supervise the universe through societal media sites that enabled the Federal Government to look into Jason as a possible menace. do a determination that he was non a menace. and let him to return to his mundane life. This has non been the instance for other possible terrorists after the Patriot Act was signed into jurisprudence in 2001. Since the origin of the Patriot Act in October of 2001. 50 possible terrorist secret plans have been averted. ( Carafano. Bucci. Zuckerman. Apr 25. 2012 ) All 50 of the possible menaces vary with how engineering aided in the information being obtained by the Federal Government. Every one of the menaces were straight affected by the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act is Uniting and Strengthening America by Supplying Appropriate Tools Required to Interrupt and Obstruct Terrorism ( USA PATRIOT ACT ) Act of 2001. ( Public Law 107-56. Oct 26. 2001 ) The Patriot Act deemed it necessary to supervise the altering technological universe. It covers everything from national to international menace. banking to societal media. and terrorist to good citizen. Through the old ages the Federal Government has created a bombilation word database that generates a â€Å"red flag† when seen or heard. The Department of Homeland Security released a transcript of their Analyst’s Desktop Binder in 2011 which houses 337 words or phrases that are considered buzz words. The words or phrases that are contained in the Analyst’s Desktop Binder are considered a baseline or the beginning. This means that at a minimal the 337 words or phrases listed are monitored on a day-to-day footing. Wordss or phrases are added to and removed from the list on a day-to-day footing. The list is modified based on current events go oning. Current events change what may go a mark for Acts of the Apostless of force and terrorist act. These words are monitored through the Department of Homeland Security’s National Operations Center. The Department of Homeland Security’s web site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dhs. gov/about-office-operations-coordination-and-planning ) describes the National Operations Center. â€Å"Through the National Operations Center. the Office provides real-time situational consciousness and monitoring of the fatherland. coordinates incidents and response activities. and. in concurrence with the Office of Intelligence and Analysis. issues advisories and bulletins refering menaces to homeland security. every bit good as specific protective steps. The NOC – which operates 24 hours a twenty-four hours. seven yearss a hebdomad. 365 yearss a twelvemonth – coordinates information sharing to assist deter. detect. and prevent terrorist Acts of the Apostless and to pull off domestic incidents. Information on domestic incident direction is shared with Emergency Operations Centers at all degrees through the Homeland Security Information Network ( HSIN ) . † The NOC is the monitoring centre for the Department of Homeland Security. They are the responsible for monitoring and pass oning possible menaces to other bureaus within the Federal Government. Most if non all possible menaces that are stopped by the Federal Government are a direct consequence of the NOC monitoring and communicating system. The Federal Governments need to supervise the increasing popularity of societal media is based on some of the Numberss discussed before. As of November 19. 2012 there was an estimated 7 billion people in the universe. ( World Wide Web. nose count. gov. November 19. 2012 ) That means that over 14 % of the world’s population are considered active users of Facebook and 7 % are active day-to-day users. Active users are persons that have histories but may non log on every twenty-four hours. The active day-to-day user Numberss describe an single logging onto their history each twenty-four hours. If an history holder’s privateness scenes are non rigorous. they have the ability to post anything for anyone to see. Let us believe back to Jason for a minute. his security scenes were rigorous and he was questioned by the local governments for his station. Without the Patriot Act leting for the monitoring of societal media sites like Facebook. Jason’s station would non hold been seen by anyone but whom he allows to see his information. The Patriot Act enables Federal Government bureaus like NOC to see an individual’s information regardless of the security scenes. On an history holder’s Facebook page. they are invited to post â€Å"What’s on your mind† upon first logging on to the site. The single privateness is compromised when the person really writes what is on their head. If any of the 337 words or phrases are used in a station. electronic mail. or blog the NOC will cognize. The NOC will so advise the appropriate local. province. or national governments to look into the possible menace. Jason may hold been unfortunate plenty to hold received a visit from the local governments. but what if he really posed a possible menace to the presidential campaigner and nil was done about it? The Patriot Act and the Federal Government’s need to supervise engineering and societal media has aided in taking possible injury to the huge bulk of our state. Some may reason that the Patriot violates single privateness and their right to freedom of address. This writer believes that without the Patriot Act and the autonomies granted to the Federal Government to supervise the people of this universe through the societal media sites like Facebook. there would be a batch more terrorist actions that have succeeded. The Federal Government’s ability to place and be afforded adequate clip to respond to possible menaces through supervising the societal media sites like Facebook has made this state a safer topographic point to populate. MentionsBrashear. J. ( Feb 25. 2012 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. citizenwars. com/facebook-user-interrogated-authorities-post/ Carafano. J. . Bucci. S. . Zuckerman. J. ( Apr 25. 2012 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. heritage. org/research/reports/2012/04/fifty-terror-plots-foiled-since-9-11-the-homegrown-threat-and-the-long-war-on-terrorism Department of Homeland Security. 2011. Analyst’s Desktop Binder. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dhs. gov Patriot Act. ( 2001 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. justness. gov/archive/ll/highlights. htm. ( Choice â€Å"Text of the Patriot Act† ) Potalinski. E. ( Oct 4. 2012 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //thenextweb. com/facebook/2012/10/04/facebook-hits-1-billion-active-users/

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci Architecture depends on symmetry, what Vitruvius calls the proper agreement between the members of the work itself. Symmetry is from the Greek word symmetros meaning measured together. Proportion is from the Latin word proportio meaning for the part, or the relationship of the portions. What humans consider beautiful has been examined for thousands of years. Humans may have an innate preference for what looks acceptable and beautiful. A man with tiny hands and a large head may look out of proportion. A woman with one breast or one leg may look asymmetrical. Humans spend an enormous amount of money every day on what they consider is a beautiful body image. Symmetry and proportion may be as much a part of us as our DNA. Diagram Of ManS Proportions From Vitruvius Translation, 1558. Bettmann/Getty Images (cropped) How do you design and build the perfect building? Like the human body, structures have parts, and in architecture those parts can be put together in many ways. Design, from the Latin word designare meaning to mark out, is the overall process, but design outcomes depend on symmetry and proportion. Says who? Vitruvius. De Architectura Ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio wrote the first architecture textbook called On Architecture (De Architectura). Nobody knows when it was written, but it reflects the dawn of human civilization - in the first century B.C. into the first decade A.D. It wasnt until the Renaissance, however, when the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome were reawakened, that De Architectura was translated into Italian, French, Spanish, and English. During the 1400s, 1500s, and 1600s, what became known as The Ten Books on Architecture was widely distributed with a number of added illustrations. Much of the theory and construction basics spelled out by Vitruvius for his patron, the Roman Emperor, inspired Renaissance architects and designers of that day and even those in the 21st century. So, what does Vitruvius say? Leonardo da Vinci Sketches Vitruvius Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) is sure to have read Vitruvius. We know this because da Vincis notebooks are filled with sketches based on the words in De Architectura. Da Vincis famous drawing of The Vitruvian Man is a sketch directly from the words of Vitruvius. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses in his book: SYMMETRY in the human body the central point is naturally the navel. For if a man be placed flat on his back, with his hands and feet extended, and a pair of compasses centered at his navel, the fingers and toes of his two hands and feet will touch the circumference of a circleAnd just as the human body yields a circular outline, so too a square figure may be found from it.For if we measure the distance from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, and then apply that measure to the outstretched arms, the breadth will be found to be the same as the height, as in the case of plane surfaces which are perfectly square. Note that Vitruvius begins with a focal point, the navel, and the elements are measured from that point, forming the geometry of circles and squares. Even todays architects design this way. Drawing of the Proportions of a Head by Leonardo da Vinci. Fratelli Alinari IDEA S.p.A./Getty Images (cropped) PROPORTION Da Vincis notebooks also show sketches of body proportions. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses to show relationships between elements of a human body: the face, from the chin to the top of the forehead and the lowest roots of the hair, is a tenth part of the whole heightthe open hand from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger is a tenth part of the whole bodythe head from the chin to the crown is an eighth partwith the neck and shoulder from the top of the breast to the lowest roots of the hair is a sixthfrom the middle of the breast to the summit of the crown is a fourththe distance from the bottom of the chin to the under side of the nostrils is one third of itthe nose from the under side of the nostrils to a line between the eyebrows is a thirdthe forehead, from between the eyebrows to the lowest roots of the hair, is a thirdthe length of the foot is one sixth of the height of the bodythe length of the forearm is one fourth the height of the bodythe breadth of the breast is also one fourth the height of the body Da Vinci saw that these relationships between elements were also the mathematical relationships found in other parts of nature. What we think of as the hidden codes in architecture, Leonardo da Vinci saw as divine. If God designed with these ratios when He made man, then man should design the built environment with the ratios of sacred geometry. Thus in the human body there is a kind of symmetrical harmony between forearm, foot, palm, finger, and other small parts, writes Vitruvius, and so it is with perfect buildings. Designing with Symmetry and Proportion Although European in origin, the concepts written down by Vitruvius seem to be universal. For example, researchers estimate that Native American Indians migrated to North America from Northern Asia about 15,000 years ago - well before even Vitruvius was alive. Yet when European explorers like Francisco Vsquez de Coronado from Spain first encountered the Wichita people in North America in the 1500s, symmetrical huts of grass were well-built and proportioned large enough to house entire familes. How did the Wichita people come up with this conical design and the proper agreement described by the Roman Vitruvius? Wichita Native American Grass House. Edward S. Curtis/George Eastman House/Getty Images (cropped) Concepts of symmetry and proportion can be used purposefully. Modernists of the early 20th century defied Classical symmetry by designing asymmetrical structures. Proportion has been used in spiritual architecture to accentuate the holy. For example, the Po Lin Monastery in Hong Kong shows not only the symmetry of the San Men Chinese mountain gate, but also how proportion can bring attention to the outlandishly large Buddha statue. Big Buddha at Po Lin Monastery, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, China. Tim Winter/Getty Images (cropped) By examining the human body, both Vitruvius and da Vinci understood the importance of symmetrical proportions in design. As Vitruvius writes, in perfect buildings the different members must be in exact symmetrical relations to the whole general scheme. This is the same theory behind architectural design today. Our intrinsic sense of what we consider beautiful may come from symmetry and proportion. Sources Vitruvius. On Symmetry: In Temples and in the Human Body, Book III, Chapter One, Ten Books on Architecture translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, 1914, The Project Gutenberg, gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/20239-h.htmRaghavan et al. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans, Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6250, August 21, 2015, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6250/aab3884Wichita Indian grass house, Kansas Historical Society, kansasmemory.org/item/210708

Management Issue Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Issue Paper - Essay Example This is while guaranteeing the organization’s success. This paper will examine such challenges, and how managers are forced to change to solve such problems, lest they fall victim to an ever-changing business environment. Business leaders need to work on their strategies to ensure they stay afloat in an environment that requires innovation, brilliance, and sharp minds. This means that, business leaders must always change and reinvent themselves with the hope of remaining relevant to their organizations. This may be through helping to attain the organization’s targets and goals, hiring a task force that may manage to keep up with the changing times, uphold the organization’s code of ethics, and most importantly; be a leader. However, challenges and issues arise in and outside the organization that require immediate intervention from managers. Generational differences in the workplace are one such external issue managers have to contend with regularly (Glicken and Robinson 136). Challenge for Managers in the Workplace Tension and interesting dynamics are often created in the workplace due to generational differences. ... o manage to make it into such business organizations have to face the fact that their input is limited, and may only go as far as the older members of the organization dictate. Innovative ideas that may be fresh from university or college have to take a backseat as older organization members dictate the terms of their operations (Goad 99). Generational differences in the workplace may be an issue that affects some, if not all organizations. The proposal to have a specific age limit in the organization is often met with resistance, and sometimes leads to significant conflicts that affect the overall performance of the organization. The transitions that are taking place in most organizations require steadfast leadership that is keen on putting the organization in the frontline, rather than the feelings and thoughts of a few individuals. The gaps that are present in the workplace form the basis for most misunderstandings as there are clear divisions between the different age groups pres ent (Goad 122). This creates conflict, which means that the organization’s culture does not revolve around the ethic of care and compassion. Why this is a problem for managers and how it impacts the business Managers in an environment where there are so many sets of values, work styles, and expectations require the skill-set to be leaders, and not just organization heads. In this environment, they are meant to act as mentors where teaching, and not telling, should be the manager’s approach. Some of these critical skills are aimed at bringing out the best in people who work in that organization. However, when faced with such a challenge, managers tend to shy away from their functions. It becomes next to impossible for them to manage their employees, especially those who might be their

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Summary - Essay Example While Pennsylvania showed average tuition and fee charges as $8410 in 2005-2006, it was $3100 in Florida and $6910 in South Carolina. In fact, there was notable difference in charges as well as in the student enrollment in various institutions. A number of reasons are pointed out as the factors driving tuition charges. Dennis Jones suggests tuition setting in public institutions as closely related to the health of other institutional revenues. Apparent influences of a variety of political factors in postsecondary policy making at the state level has been observed. Various examinations revealed relationships between indicators of educational structure and indicators of political influence. Descriptive representation compares the similarities in background between elected officials and their constituents. On the contrary, substantive representation refers to the interests elected officials serve. There are various opinions on the enhancement of substantive representation and various mo dels are also developed. The model named ‘presence’ assumes minority representatives to act as stronger advocates for minority constituents (McLendon et al, 6). The panel-data model implies that pricing behavior of universities is heterogeneous and is difficult to be captured using available data (McLendon et al, 15).

Academic performance and technology Essay Example for Free

Academic performance and technology Essay Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft. While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War. The early era of space exploration was driven by a Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States, the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSRs Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period. See more: Recruitment and selection process essay The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station (Salyut 1) in 1971. After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program, and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS). With the substantial completion of the ISS following STS-133 in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the USA remain in flux. Constellation, a Bush Administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009. The Obama Administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low earth orbit (LEO), envisioning extending the operation of the ISS beyond 2020, transferring the development of launch vehicles for human crews from NASA to the private sector, and developing technology to enable missions to beyond LEO, such as Earth/Moon L1, the Moon, Earth/Sun L2, near-earth asteroids, and Phobos or Mars orbit.[5] As of March 2011, the US Senate and House of Representatives are still working towards a compromise NASA funding bill, which will probably terminate Constellation and fund development of a heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV).[6] In the 2000s, the Peoples Republic of China initiated a successful manned spaceflight program, while the European Union, Japan, and India have also planned future manned space missions. China, Russia, Japan, and India have advocated manned missions to the Moon during the 21st century, while the European Union has advocated manned missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 21st century. From the 1990s onwards, private interests began promoting space tourism and then private space exploration of the Moon (see Google Lunar X Prize). Benefits of this to Mankind There are critics who disagree with the expenditure on space exploration, which they claim can better be used to solve earthly problems. However, they seem to forget that this is one of the fields which tests a mans intellect. But, how does a common man draw benefits of space exploration? The advances made in field of space exploration can be well used in other fields such as medicine, agriculture, etc. The following is the list of benefits of space exploration to mankind: Global Positioning System: The mankind depends on the sea trade for transportation of food grains, fossil fuels, metal ores, etc. Global navigation system, GPS helps in timely delivery of these essential goods by providing the ships with essential navigation information. The GNS services are made available using networks of satellites which also enables satellite Internet and satellite phones. Weather Forecast and Agriculture: Gone are the days, when we used to take an umbrella with us while going out if there were black clouds in the sky. Now we can rely on the weather reports updated on an hourly basis. The accurate weather forecast is possible only because of the satellites in the space. The satellites also help us in predicting the crop yields, pest infestation and the area under cultivation. Natural Calamities: It is easy to predict natural calamities such as floods, storms, tornadoes, hurricanes and to locate wildfires and their extent with the help of satellites. Minerals and Mining: Minerals buried deep under the Earths surface can be located using satellites. Precious fossil fuels can be found with the help of satellites. Electronics: The field of electronics and computers have also benefited from the space exploration. The astronauts have manufactured miniature electronic parts that could only be produced in the space during their experiments in the space stations and space shuttles. Asteroids: It is believed that an asteroid strike eliminated the dinosaurs on the Earth. One of the benefits of space exploration is that we know about the thousands of asteroids and we can also be vigilant about their drifts. May be we could prevent dinosaurian death of mankind, if and when an asteroid is positioned to repeat history. If it happens, it would be because of the knowledge which is the direct benefit of space exploration. Energy Source: The scientists and researchers all over the world are attempting to harness the power of nuclear fusion. The process which enables the Sun to produce energy in abundance. It is believed that quantity of electricity generated using 1kg of hydrogen would be equivalent to that of 11,000 metric tons of coal. Medicine: Another field to glean the benefits of the satellite exploration is that of medicine. Metal alloys that are manufactured to be used in spacecraft and space shuttles are also used in the health care industry. Nitinol, an alloy is used to make braces. The miniature electronic components which were developed for the space program can be used in electronic pain-control device that some patients need to use. The implantable insulin pump is based on the mechanical robot arm developed for the Mars Voyager probe. The space exploration benefits also encompasses the field of communication which needs no explanation. The applications of knowledge and the technologies, that are the outcome of the mans efforts to explore space, are making his life easier indeed!

Time Warner :: essays research papers

In January 2000, AOL and Time Warner announced a record setting $166 Billion Dollar merger. Referred to as â€Å"the Deal of the Century† the talk immediately centered on the potential synergies the new company would realize. Steve Case, announced as Chairman, championed the idea of AOL/Time Warner as the â€Å"Wal-Mart† of the media and entertainment industry – a one-stop shop marketplace for advertisers to reach their audience. Case envisioned fully integrated advertising campaigns with bundled AOL/Time Warner products. The idea was simple enough: through a single point of contact, a marketer like Pepsi could get product placement in a major event movie, run a sweepstakes promotion on the web with the winner appearing in a Warner Brothers sitcom, sponsor a Warner Music artist’s concert tour and distribute a national print and television branding campaign. Investors applauded. AOL/Time Warner’s scale & scope would give it a clear advantage over stand alone competitors. Furthermore, with the integration of Time Warner, AOL, the leading ISP, with 40% of the US market, would be able to differentiate its products with proprietary content from such established brands as People Magazine and Sports Illustrated. Time Warner executives, in turn, saw AOL as a new distribution pipeline into consumer households that could be used to promote and extend their collection of brands. The deal seemed to make sense for both sides. So what went wrong? The big question these days is: Should Time Warner sell AOL? Is the company stronger together or apart? Over the past year, analysts, investors and company executives have grappled with this issue. Since it helps to understand a company’s past when making a decision about its future, we have structured this presentation in the following format: First we will briefly review AOL & Time Warner’s market positions as separate companies. Second we will cover the complex merger issues that concerned federal regulators. And third, we will take a look at the period directly following the merger’s approval. Finally, once we have painted the full picture of the merger and its results, we will conclude with our recommendation for the company’s future. Prior to merging with AOL, Time Warner, was itself the result of two successful mega mergers. The first was in 1989 when Time-Life, a print media company, merged with Warner Communications, an entertainment company with interests in movies and music. This was subsequently followed up with the merger of Turner Broadcasting Systems, Ted Turner’s Atlanta based company with cable properties like TNT and CNN. These two mergers had created a powerful, vertically and horizontally integrated media company but still, something was missing.

Marie Curie’s Biography

Maria Sklodowska was Marie Curie’s birth name. She was born in a family of middle class. Both of her parents have been instructors at Warsaw during the Russian occupation. After being a participant of a certain revolutionary act when she was in her teenage years, Marie decided to pursue her studies at Cracow which is a part of Poland under the Austrian government. She finished her degrees in Sorbonne University Paris. Here is where she gained her mathematical sciences and physics license. It is during these years that she met Pierre Curie and married him. They had two daughters, Irene and Eva.During also her stay in Paris, she changed her name from Maria to Marie. . Work and Early Research Marie Curie has been the Head of Physics Laboratory at the University in Sorbonne. She successfully completed her Doctorate in Science on 1903. On Pierre’s Death, she also succeeded his place as the Professor of General Physics. Her early research with her husband, Pierre focused on t he chemical properties of radiation. Her curiosity and interest on radiation grew upon its discovery by Henri Becquerel. Marie Curie believes that radiation is something that could be efficiently used in able to cure and improve health.Marie and Pierre’s research on radiation results to the discovery of two new elemental components which are polonium and radium. Marie Curie focuses her research on the separation of radium from other radioactive materials to be able to know its attribute and its possible benefits. Pierre Curie and their Discovery It is the hard work that Marie corroborated with her husband Pierre that the chemical element radium and polonium was known. Nonetheless, Marie was the one who have given the element a more expound research and attention. Pierre died as a result of studying the element polonium and radium.The whole thing started from a hypothesis that revolves on the assumption of radiation as something that is emitted by an element or a substance whi ch corresponds to a possibility of lesser weight due to the activity that took some energy. The process, Marie and Pierre Curie believes, was a product of the transformation or changes that atoms undergo. The couple decided then to look for some proof that could serve as evidence of their theory. Luckily, they succeeded. It through the observation of an radioactive matter that they have been able to locate radium and polonium.During their observation, the couple found out that the matter losses weight as radiation occurs. Importance of Radium Henri Becquerel had discovered radiation as a property possessed or emitted by the element uranium. Nonetheless through a closer study and deeper research, both Marie and Pierre Currie found out that uranium was not the only substance known to emit radiation. They have actually realized that there are other materials in which radiation could be found. Such activity of matter was named by Marie Currie as something that possesses radioactivity.Up on the discovery that other substances also emit radiation, Marie Curie have set fort into taking a closer look in the new found element radium. The importance of this element lies on its being a simple element. Having been able to separate radium provides a support to Marie Currie’s earlier hypothesis concerning the fact that radioactivity is something that could be use as a property of matter, as an atomic property. As this hypothesis was proven by the defining character of radium, it also opened the door into understanding that other elements might as well contain the property.If this is the case, then it would be easier for the scientist or discoverers of Marie Curie’s time to locate other basic elements and prove their existence. With the growing acceptance of Marie Curie’s hypothesis and with the acknowledgement of the role of radiation, there were about 30 elements that were predicted to exist. The burden of proof lies on the process that such elements co uld be analyzed as an isolated chemical element since these elements are incapable of being distinguish with the use of chemical methods.Through the experiments and the data that Marie Curie extracted and discovered in Radium, she has been able to positively assume the possibility of atomic transformation in elements since in able to create radium; there have been a formation of helium. Radium also up until today is viewed as the most efficient source of laboratory radiation. It makes the study of radiation much easier. Aside from that, the uses of radiation have also been explored more conveniently than before. Polonium? Marie continued her study to be able to prove that radium is in fact a new element.She concentrated on creating pure radium and to determine its atomic weight. Now, many might be wondering why polonium did not obtained the same status and was not extensively studied as radium. The answer lies on the fact that while there are only minute amount of radium that were g athered in laboratories, it is said that only a fraction of this amount is what Marie and Pierre could create. With such very miniscule amount, it is quite impossible to determine much of its qualities, much more its possible uses. Later Life Marie Curie after the death of her husband, have continued their study.She has been very well recognized and throughout her lifetime has received two Nobel Prizes. The first Nobel Prize was for the work she shared with Peter and Henri Becquerel which is concerned with the proof of the existence and importance of radiation. The second Nobel Prize was for the discovery of Radium and its property. Along with this was proving that radium is an atomic quality and that atoms undergo atomic transformations. Marie Curie devoted most of her adult life to her discovery. In line with this, Marie Curie tried to use her discovery with technology.This could be reflected upon the innovations of X-ray mobiles that help locate and cure broken bones and other di seases during World War I. She promoted the use of radiation and also helped in the establishment of a Laboratory for radiation in Warsaw. She managed to do this from a gift granted by President Hoover in 1929 from the United States. Marie Curie was admired by the scientific world during her days up until today. She has been a member of Conseil du Physique Solvay and Committee of Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations.Madame Marie Curie died on 1934 in Savoy France. She died due to old age since because of her exposure to radiation during her early life; her immune system somehow suffers that weaken her during old age. Importance of Marie Curie in Scientific Arena The importance of Marie Curie’s work lies on its utility in medicine and its application to the scientific community. To someone who is not much accustomed to the western innovations and studies, the discussion regarding the impacts of Marie curie’s work may struck as something weird and somehow n onsensical.In able to avoid this kind of thinking, it would be better to look at how Marie Curie have been able to promote the advancement of medication and have influenced the role of radiation to a simple human life. As we all know, x-rays was now an ancient method to conduct examination regarding bone structures and other diseases inside the body. However during Marie Curie’s lifetime and the time before ultrasounds and ct scans have been invented, X-rays play a dominant role in medicine. X-rays help doctors distinguish what kind of operation is possible. It also tells the doctor which part of the bone was fractured and what the needed medication is.X-rays are still used nowadays in airports and train stations to see what is inside the luggage. This is important to promote security and safety of the passengers and the country or society. The discovery of the property of radioactivity gives us warning about its possible dangers. For one, there are certain places with high a mount of radiation that are considered as off-limits to ordinary people. There are protective gears that were being required to be used in factories which somehow produce amounts of radioactive materials. Even natural sources of radiation such as that which came from the sun also require protection.Too much exposure to radiation has adverse effect to the body and with the fact that radiation is naturally occurring and could be found instantly almost everywhere. Precautions concerning radiation shall be implemented. However, it is of common knowledge that without the characterization and study made by Marie Curie during her time, information regarding radiation may not be as how we know it to do. There could be several delays in scientific progress, since there are about 30 elements that are discovered only upon the discovery of radioactivity. Works CitedNobelprize. org. Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry. Nobel Web AB. 2007. Retrieved on December 14, 2007. Retrieved from the W orld Wide Web: http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture. html Curie, Marie. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2007. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Retrieved on December 14, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9028252/Marie-Curie Ogilvie, M. B. Marie Curie: A Biography. Greenwood Press. 2004. Quinn, S. Marie Curie: A Life. Perseus Book Group. 1996.

Divorce †Cause and Effect Essay

Before a marriage is fully â€Å"matured† 3 out of 10 fail and resort in a divorce. No child want’s to hear the word divorce mentioned by their parents, little alone the other spouse. Many now a days seek divorce as an â€Å"easy way out,† given that they have an annulment. Some may even cheat the system and get married for the spouses money, title, or objects. The marriages that are there just for show, don’t tend to last as long and become unhappy. In a marriage anything can go wrong from bad communication, cheating, and abuse. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, once a Russian novelist said, â€Å"much unhappiness come into the world because of bewilderment and things left unsaid.† The number one reason marriages end is because of the lack of communication in the relation, according to Huffington Post. There are five main instances where a lack of communication can affect the marriage. The first one, is hiding your feelings. If you’re having a heated conv ersation with your spouse but keeping in feelings or problems then where is your relationship going to go? Oh I can help, nowhere. The next type is bodily or physical. Simply rolling your eyes, walking away from the conversation, shrugging your shoulder, or even the lack of eye contact can push someone away. A â€Å"win-lose attitude† is one of the most aggravating things for someone to do, personally. If someone always says, â€Å"it wasn’t me,† if they’re judgemental or a very negative person it can agitate you and even bring you down. Lastly a lack of politeness can make someone feel underappreciated. If you continuously do something for someone and they correspond in a uncaring manner you will tend to feel over time like you don’t matter. The simple command, like â€Å"take the dog out,† can seem abrasive. They’re no such thing as over kindness, if someone does something nice for you, you can just simply correspond with a â€Å"thank you.† â€Å"Thank you honey,† any house wife, or husband would love to hear of their spouse. Just by keeping the à ¢â‚¬Å"spark† between you and your spouse lite can help keep them interested in you, instead of others. Infidelity is the cause for 53% of a divorce. Only 31% of marriages last after a cheating incident, and a whopping 53% of relationships are cheated. Isn’t it ironic though how psychiatrists and marriage counselors are the top two professions for the divorce rate. you would think since they work with helping marriages, that they’d have a lower chance, I guess not in this case. Many events can lead to infidelity. After the first year in the marriage there is the same  habitual activities every day where the cheater may feel like they need something new in life, which is when someone may first turn to cheat. Having a child is a huge factor, it’ll affect the relationship no matter what you have done. The stress of having to completely care for another human being can affect you mentally, and some feel like they want to go out and have an adventure, but they turn to the wrong activity when that happens. When it comes to the 5th to 7th year, also known as â€Å"the seven year itch.† By this time most coup les may have obtained the â€Å"american dream,† but they start to become bored and unhappy, so they turn to something new, to change things up. Then there’s the mid-life crisis. Generally around this time you’ve spent 20 years with the person, but you’re just not quite sure that another 20 you want to be with the person. These instances are generally the reasons which fuels someone to cheat. It’s not always the case, but these are the times when infidelity is started. Just picture 5 million women, which is just a quarter of women in a marriage. That mere 25% is the percentage of women that have been in a abusive relationship. There’s six different way abuse can happen, the following are: physical, emotional, verbal, economic, mental, and sexual.Why do they do it? They seek to control their spouse. Emotional, mental, and verbal is generally how it starts, but then it can progress to sexual and economic. It can be hard for These types of abuse though don’t always pertain to the spouse, it could be happening to a child or children of the couple. To say divorce only affects the two joined in holy matrimony is an unstatement. The children, friends, family, everyone thats connected to the two can be effected. As a child that has divorced parent, since I was two, can say it still affects me. I have to figure out a time during break when I can go that doesn’t conflict too much with my sports, I barely get to see my dad, and it’s hard to see my mom work and earn all of the money, by herself for us. So if you don’t want your marriage to end try to keep good communication a priority, whatever you do don’t cheat, and be sure to check if you’re being or are abusive, so you can get help to work on it. Sources Facts, Infidelity. â€Å"Infidelity Facts and Information.† Infidelity Facts. n.d. 27 March 2014. Pave, Project. â€Å"6 Types of Abuse.† Just for Teens. n.d. 27 March 2014. Post, Huffington. â€Å"Divorce Causes: 5 Communication Habits That Lead To Divorce.† November 29, 2012. HuffPost. 27 March 2014.

The French and Indian War essays

The French and Indian War essays The French and Indian War was the beginning of the American Revolution. During this war, tensions grew to an immense degree, especially when the British found out that the Americans were secretly trading with their enemies the French and the Spanish. Also, when the British issued the Proclamation of 1763 to try to prohibit the colonists from migrating west, the colonists became extremely upset, thinking that the British were siding with the Native Americans who lived there. The colonists moved anyway, in spite of the Proclamation, and the Native Americans became their blood enemies. Due to this, the colonials were able to increase their self-esteem and military experience while becoming united with ideas of independence. Before the French and Indian War was initialized in the Ohio Valley in 1754, Great Britain treated the colonists with salutary neglect which enabled the colonials to grow on their own for about four decades. However, this all changed when the British entered the war by invading Canadian territory in 1756 and fought alongside with the American militiamen. The presence of the British Redcoats began to kindle animosity with the colonials because the more experienced British soldiers treated the American soldiers with contempt and acted as if they were higher than them. This growing tension between Britain and her colonies grew even worst during the war when the British discovered that the colonists were secretly trading with their enemies, the French and the Spanish, by using fraud papers. In response to this, the British were forced to discontinue the export of all goods from the New England and Middle colonies towards the end of the war. When the French were removed from North America at the end of the war, several combined Indian tribes under the leadership of Pontiac invaded and destroyed all but three British posts on the western frontier. This event convinced the British Parliament to s...

History of Mandarin Chinese

History of Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and Taiwan, and its one of the official languages of Singapore and the United Nations. It is the most widely-spoken language in the world. Dialects Mandarin Chinese is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"dialect,† but the distinction between dialects and languages is not always clear. There are many different versions of Chinese spoken throughout China, and these are usually classified as dialects.   There are other Chinese dialects, such as Cantonese, which is spoken in Hong Kong, that are very distinct from Mandarin. However, many of these dialects use Chinese characters for their written form, so that Mandarin speakers and Cantonese speakers (for example) can understand each other through writing, even though the spoken languages are mutually unintelligible. Language Family and Groups Mandarin is part of the Chinese family of languages, which in turn is part of the Sino-Tibetan language group. All Chinese languages are tonal, which means that the way words are pronounced varies their meanings. Mandarin has ​four tones. Other Chinese languages have up to ten distinct tones. The word â€Å"Mandarin† actually has two meanings when referring to language. It can be used to refer to a particular group of languages, or more commonly, as the Beijing dialect that is the standard language of mainland China. The Mandarin group of languages includes standard Mandarin (the official language of mainland China), as well as Jin (or Jin-yu), a language spoken in the central-north region of China and inner Mongolia. Local Names for Mandarin The name â€Å"Mandarin† was first used by the Portuguese to refer to the magistrates of the Imperial Chinese court and the language they spoke. Mandarin is the term used through much of the Western world, but the Chinese themselves refer to the language as æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu), å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”), or è  ¯Ã¨ ¯ ­ (hu yÇ”). æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu) literally means â€Å"common language† and is the term used in mainland China. Taiwan uses å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”) which translates to national language, and Singapore and Malaysia refer to it as è  ¯Ã¨ ¯ ­ (hu yÇ”) which means Chinese language. How Mandarin Became Chinas Official Language Due to its immense geographic size, China has always been a land of many languages and dialects. Mandarin emerged as the language of the ruling class during the latter part of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). The capital of China switched from Nanjing to Beijing in the latter part of the Ming Dynasty and remained in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). Since Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect, it naturally became the official language of the court. Nonetheless, the large influx of officials from various parts of China meant that many dialects continued to be spoken at the Chinese court. It was not until 1909 that Mandarin became the national language of China, å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ ( guà ³ yÇ”). When the Qing Dynasty fell in 1912, the Republic of China maintained Mandarin as the official language. It was renamed æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu) in 1955, but Taiwan continues to use the name å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”). Written Chinese As one of the Chinese languages, Mandarin uses Chinese characters for its writing system. Chinese characters have a history dating back more than two thousand years. The early forms of Chinese characters were pictographs (graphic representations of real objects), but characters became more stylized and came to represent ideas as well as objects. Each Chinese character represents a syllable of the spoken language. Characters represent words, but not every character is used independently. The Chinese writing system is very complex and the most difficult part of learning Mandarin. There are thousands of characters, and they must be memorized and practiced to master the written language. In an attempt to improve literacy, the Chinese government began simplifying characters in the 1950s. These simplified characters are used in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia, while Taiwan and Hong Kong still use the traditional characters. Romanization Students of Mandarin  outside of Chinese-speaking countries often use Romanization in place of Chinese characters when first learning the language. Romanization uses the Western (Roman) alphabet to represent the sounds of spoken Mandarin, so it is a bridge between learning the spoken language and beginning the study of Chinese characters. There are many systems of Romanization, but the most popular for teaching materials is Pinyin.

MHE513 - Risk Assessment and Epidemiology Module 2 - Case Essay

MHE513 - Risk Assessment and Epidemiology Module 2 - Case - Essay Example The Public Health Statement of Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 2005) provides information about zinc, including the hazards associated with excessive exposure to the otherwise essential element. Zinc is a ubiquitous element of the earth’s crust, occurring in small amounts in almost all igneous rocks. It is widely distributed in air, water, soil, and all living matter. Zinc enters the environment both through natural processes and human activities, in particular activities such as mining, purification of zinc, lead and cadmium-containing ores, steel production, and coal and waste burning. Increased levels of zinc in the soil can occur through disposal of wastes from metal manufacturing industries and electrical utilities producing coal ash, and fertilizer application. Industrial and domestic sewage and run-off from soil containing zinc can release zinc into waterways and ground water. Zinc, present as fine dust particles in the air, is washed down by rain and snow into the lakes and rivers where it mostly settles on the bottom. A small amount of zinc may occur dissolved in water. The concentration of dissolved zinc increases with increasing acidity of water. Zinc and its compounds have many industrial uses including galvanization of iron and steel to prevent rusting and corrosion; preparation of alloys such as brass and copper; manufacturing of dry cell batteries, white paints, ceramics, rubber, fabric dyes and wood preserving compounds. Zinc is also an important constituent of cosmetics, hair-care and health-care products such as sunblock lotions, talcum powder, anti-dandruff shampoos, diaper rash ointments, deodorants etc. Zinc chloride is used to make smoke bombs. Zinc carbamates are used as pesticides (World Health Organization WHO, 1996). Exposure of humans to metals is generally inevitable as metals are ubiquitous in the environment. Chemicals including zinc are released into the environment (air, water

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Business strategy - Essay Example Apple Inc., possesses wide base of total assets and this makes them largest technology company across the globe. There is large number of customers who opts for Apple products and this has enhanced brand loyalty. Brand loyalty of the product is due to unusual items manufactured by the company. It is considered to be most admired company in United States. The strategic position of the company is well supported by its understanding about customer’s taste and preferences. iPhone denoted creativity of Apple Inc., in smartphone industry. In this study, strategic analysis would be exhibited on iPhone 6/6+ of Apple. This shall indicate effective utilization of resources and competencies in order to address customer demand and secure high profit margins. The company well segments consumer market so that manufactured product reaches right consumer. High prices of its product line are substituted by innovation and quality which cannot be easily imitated by other players in the market pl ace. The study shall encompass analysis of Apple iPhone 6/6+ in technology industry, along with usage of models to determine its strategic framework. Models such as Porter’s Generic Strategies, Bowman’s Strategy Clock, Pestle analysis, Five Forces Model, Value Chain, Resources and Competencies Audit and Strategic Group Mapping will be included in this research study. There are four kinds of generic strategies such as cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, focus cost strategy and focus differentiation strategy. Products launched by Apple Inc., are unique by nature and are targeted towards a particular consumer market segment. Focus differentiation strategy states that narrow market segment are targeted by the company so as to acquire maximum market share. This form of differentiation strategy is adopted by a company when high priced products are being sold in the market place. Apple iPhone 6/6+ are targeted towards high income

Select a firm that is listed in the UK and a competitor that is listed Essay

Select a firm that is listed in the UK and a competitor that is listed elsewhere in the world. Using financial information from THOMSON ANALYTICS - Essay Example Many drugs fail to pass the various drugs administration tests issued by respective government agencies, this leads to heavy research and development costs to be levied on products that could never be seen in the markets. (Bleavins et al., 2010, p.35) Drug testing is a very time consuming as well as expensive process. This is usually disastrous for a company’s results as the R&D investment may not generate any returns in the near future, making it difficult to judge the true position of a financial statement. (Bleavins et al., 2010, p.35) It is because of such reasons why analyzing the results of a pharmaceutical company is considered to be an extensive and taxing task. Furthermore, short-term financial statement analysis may be rendered ineffective because of these reasons, as the numbers will never consider ‘what if’ scenarios (such as what if R&D costs do not provide any return in the future? or provide exceptional returns?) Perhaps the industry with the highest innovation rates, the pharmaceutical industry is an essential element of the financial system. According to Fortune Magazine, 12 pharmaceutical companies have made it in the Fortune 500 list in 2009, amongst these 6 companies were from the US, and 2 companies were from UK; the rest were also from other European regions. (Fortune, 2009, p.27) GlaxoSmithKline (hereafter referred to as GSK) and Pfizer have been close competitors for a long time, although their major focus in terms of type of drug differs substantially, these two companies still compete for top spot within many drug categories. Nevertheless, both these companies are very accomplished: Pfizer is more often in the news as compared to any of its counterparts, mostly it generates media for all the wrong reasons, but it gets lots of free publicity nonetheless. Most recently the company was surrounded in a controversy involving bribing doctors to recommend Pfizer’s

The Journey Of Mahatma Gandhi Religion Essay

The Journey Of Mahatma Gandhi Religion Essay Movie: Gandhi (1982) directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Ben Kingsley in the title role. This movie won 9 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography. This movie depicts the journey of Mahatma Gandhi from the sole colored (racial discrimination inflicted on him) practicing advocate in South Africa, who is thrown out of a train at Pietermaritzburg on his refusal to shift to a third class coach while holding a valid first class ticket to the leader using the principles of non-violent resistance on behalf of Indian immigrants to his relocation to his mother land, India and inspiring the millions of fellow citizens by his charismatic leadership skills. The movie also portrays his individuality and relationships with his family, close-associates, friends and leaders of Indian Congress Party. Additionally, the principles followed by Mahatma Gandhi are represented fairly with the right blend of external factors including the British policies, poverty prevalent in rural India and discrimination issues affecting his decisions, outlook and strategies adopted together with the building of his Ashram. Who was Gandhi? Mr. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, bestowed with the title of Mahatma  [1]  (Hindi word for great soul), lovingly called Bapu (Hindi word for father) by his followers, is the Father of nation  [2]  of India, who not only raised his voice for Swaraj (home rule for India) and taught his countrymen to fight against the British empire, but led the world to believe and still follow his principles of truth and non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi was a qualified Barrister, studied law in University College of London, lead a simple life with his wife, Kasturbai Makhanji and four sons, Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas and Devdas. Though a Hindu by birth, he believed in spirituality and not strict adherence to religious beliefs. The dialogue from the movie Gandhi clearly reveals the same: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I will begin with the Bible where the words of the Lord are, Love thy neighbor as thyself and then our beloved Gita which says, The world is a garment worn by God, thy neighbor is in truth thyself and finally the Holy Koran, We shall remove all hatred from our hearts and recline on couches face to face, a band of brothers  [3]  . It is easier to explain the austerity of this great leader by borrowing the condolences of Edward R. Murrow from the 1982 movie Gandhi: ..Mahatma Gandhi was not a commander of great armies nor ruler of vast lands, he could boast no scientific achievements, no artistic gift. Yet men, governments and dignitaries from all over the world have joined hands today to pay homage to this little brown man in the loincloth who led his country to freedom Guiding principles and followers: Mahatma Gandhi followed the following 11 vows  [4]  throughout his life: non-violence, truth, non stealing, self discipline, non-possession, Bread labor, control of the palate, Fearlessness, equality of all religions, use of only locally made goods and removal of untouchability. These vows were envisaged in his book Yervada Mandir. He was unperturbed by the consequences that could follow on pursuing these principles, which undoubtedly made him the unique leader of East inspiring leaders across the globe, including Martin Luther King and James Lawson, drew from the writings of Gandhi in the development of their own theories about non-violence. Anti-apartheid activist and former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, was inspired by Gandhi. Others include Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Steve Biko, Aung San Suu Kyi and Philippine opposition leader during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, Benigno Aquino, Jr.  [5]  The Time Magazine in December, 1999 edition named The 14th Dalai Lama, Lech WaÅ‚Äâ„ ¢sa, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Cesar Chavez, Aung San Suu Kyi, Benigno Aquino, Jr., Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela as Children of Gandhi and his spiritual heirs to non-violence.  [6]   His journey, from a briefless barrister  [7]  in Bombay to the half naked Indian fakir  [8]  to the champion of the cause of non-violence and equality, was full of thorns in the form of assorted problems faced by him as well as roses as the numerous followers. Innumerable writers and leaders world-over have diverse opinion about the greatest spiritual and political leader of India. Whether people follow the principles of Mahatma Gandhi or they loathe him, his immense work cannot be ignored. In the words of Martin Luther King Jr. in the year 1955: Christ gave us the goals and Mahatma Gandhi the tactics.  [9]  The person of the century  [10]  Albert Einstein in his condolence message declared that Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood. Johanna Macgeary, a journalist with Time magazine quoted: His generation knew him as a radical political agitator; ours shrugs off a holy man with romantic notions of a pure, pre-industrial life. Further reporting that even his principal adversary, the Afrikaner leader Jan Smuts, recognized the power of his idea: Men like him redeem us from a sense of commonplace and futility.  [11]   The President of USA, Mr. B. H. Obama at the Wakefield High School speech in September 2009, quickly responded to a question posed on him as who was the one person, dead or alive, that he would choose to dine with? as Gandhi!, who he considers his biggest inspiration.  [12]   Leadership style: Leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.  [13]  There are diverse opinions and theories regarding definitions and classifications of leadership styles. Nevertheless, in the words of Vance Packard Leadership appears to be the art of getting others to want to do something you are convinced should be done. Leadership style is the summation of manner and approach of a leader in providing direction towards the accomplishment of a common task, implementing plans and motivating people. Kurt Lewin  [14]  led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leadership and established three major styles of leadership  [15]  as: authoritarian or autocratic; participative or democratic and delegative or laissez-faire. Participative leader: Mahatma Gandhi definitely was a participative or democratic leader, who involved the whole team in planning and goal setting, problem solving and emphasised team building; on the other hand, he retained his decision making authority that could not be challenged. Rather than deciding in an autocratic manner, he involved other people in the process, including his subordinates, peers, superiors and other stakeholders. Since the political situation then, was dynamic and changing frequently, the required democratic leadership flowed from Mahatma Gandhi. He brought out the best of experience and skill from the fellow Congress leaders, seniors and followers. He had a strong conviction with the right blend of flexibility and chose the appropriate approach to be followed. The communication channels used were open and transparent; and in case of any changes, the strategy was explained unambiguously. Theories of leadership: Various theories have been propounded on the concept of leadership based on varied attributes of a leader including traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence among others.  [16]   Transformational Leadership: Transformational leadership  [17]  as defined by Burns, is the process of motivating the team by leader to be effective and efficient and engaging their commitments in the context of the shared values and shared vision. It involves relationship of mutual trust between the leaders and the followers. Mahatma Gandhi beyond doubt was a transformational leader. He utilised his communication skills for facilitating and focusing his peers and followers on the final desired outcome or goal attainment. In consonance with Burns analysis, Mahatma Gandhi was highly visible and used chain of command. He focused on the ideal vision of Swaraj Home rule for India, and was surrounded by numerous other leaders who were responsible and accountable for the interim milestones leading to attaining the target. All the four elements of a transformational leader were evident in Mahatma Gandhis leadership: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. He attempted to attend to his followers individual needs, acting as their mentor and addressing their concerns. He unconditionally supported his followers and respected their individual contributions. The followers also had aspirations for self development and were motivated towards accomplishing their responsibilities. He was never averse to taking risks and was open to nurturing associates and followers. He articulated a common vision which inspiring not only his followers, but his peers and other contemporary leaders. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge followers with high standards, communicate optimism about future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand. Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act. Purpose and meaning pro vide the energy that drives a group forward. The visionary aspect of leadership are supported by communication skills that makes it precise and powerful. The followers are willing to invest more effort in their tasks, they are encouraged and optimistic about the future and believe in their abilities. 4. Idealized Influence Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust. It involves having a clear vision and a sense of purpose. Such leaders are able to win the trust and respect of the followers. They build a base for future mission, which enables them to obtain extra efforts from the followers. Charismatic Leader Till now we have read about different types of leaders but some times it happens that we are awed by a leader and follow him/her blindly. The personal charm of the person influences us. These types of leaders are known as charismatic leaders. Mahatma Gandhi was also an example of charismatic leader. The charismatic leaders have the ability to carry the masses the them. They have a great deal of emotional appeal. Swami Vivekanand was another charismatic leader. Some characteristicof charismatic leaders are followers accept the leader unquestioningly. followers obey the leader willingly. followers beleif are similar to the leaders beleifs. followers trust the correctness of the leaders beleif. Servant leadership: Contemporary leaders: