The Crucible Essays (643 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, the main character Abigail Williams is to blame for the 1692 witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Abigail is a mean and vindictive person who always wants her way, no matter who she hurts. Through out the play her accusations and lies cause many people pain and suffering, but she seemed to never care for any of them except John Proctor, whom she had an affair with seven months prior to the beginning of the play. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth used to employ Abigail, until Elizabeth found out the affair and threw Abigail out. Although John told Abigail that the affair was over and he would never touch her again, she tried desperately to rekindle their romance. Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I'll ever reach for you again. (Page 23) She claimed that she loved John and that he loved her. Before the play began, Abigail tried to kill Elizabeth with a curse. She thought that if Elizabeth were dead John would marry her. Further into the play, Abigail accused Elizabeth of witchcraft. She saw Marry Warren, the Proctor's servant, making a poppet. Mary put a needle into the doll, and Abigail used that for her accusation. She stabbed herself with a needle and claimed that Elizabeth's soul had done it. Although Abigail claimed she loved John, she may have just loved the care and attention he gave her. John cared for her like no one else had. In a way he could be described as somewhat of a father figure to her. When Abigail was just a child, she witnessed her parents' brutal murders. I saw Indians smash my dear parent's heads on the pillow next to mine... (page 20) After her traumatic experience, she was raised by her uncle, Reverend Parris, who is somewhat of a villain. In the play it was written, He (Parris) was a widower with no interest in children, or talent with them. (Page 3) Parris regarded children as young adults who should be thankful for being permitted to walk straight, eyes slightly lowered, arms at the sides, and mouths shut until bidden to speak. (Page 4) Therefore, it is obvious to see that Abigail grew up without any love or nurturing. She also was without any real mother or father figures. Abigail grew up to be deceitful and treacherous, lacking trustworthiness. On account of the fear for her life, Abigail began to accuse the townspeople of witchcraft. After she and the other girls were discovered in the forest dancing, she knew that they would be whipped and possibly hung. Abigail claimed that they were bewitched, and began to name names of those who were 'with the devil'. Nothing would stop her from protecting herself. When John forced Mary Warren to tell the truth about the lies that she, Abigail, and the rest of the girls were telling, Abigail proclaimed her innocence and then began to accuse Mary of being a witch. She claimed she saw Mary's spirit in the form of a bird. But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary. (Page 115) Abigail feared for her life so much that she protected it even when John was accused of witchcraft and was sentenced to be hung. Although she loved him, she would not sacrifice herself for him. In conclusion, the cause of the witch trials was Abigail Williams. Considering the facts about her love for John, traumatic childhood, and fear for her life it is easy to see that it was Abigail's fault that the tragedy occurred. As the horrible person that she was, Abigail fought to get her way no matter whom she hurt, and unfortunately in the end she did. English Essays

Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essays

Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essays Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essay Government Invasion of Privacy Essay Essay Facebook has become the largest societal media site with over 1 billion active users as of September 14. 2012. Of those 1 billion users on norm for June 2012. 552 million were considered daily active users. ( Potalinski. Oct 4. 2012 ) The universe has gone brainsick with societal media. The ability to update one’s position on anything that has an cyberspace connexion has been enhanced through technological progresss in both phones and tablets. The Federal Government deemed it necessary to supervise societal sites on October 26. 2001 with the origin of the Patriot Act. The autonomies given to the authorities since the Patriot Act was signed into jurisprudence has been debated over the possible misdemeanor of an individual’s privateness. This writer believes the Patriot Act does non go against single privateness rights. : The persons violate their ain rights by what they post. The Federal Government proctors for possible national security menaces through ticker words. The Patriot Act affords them this right. An person has the ability to talk their head. The Federal Government is merely concerned with stations that show possible menaces to national security. There have been 50 instances of menaces to national security since the Patriot Act’s origin in 2001 that have been stopped. Jason from Austin Texas was questioned and released hours following a apparently harmless personal sentiment station on Facebook. Did the Federal Government overstep the autonomies given by the Patriot Act to flush inquiry Jason? Let us happen out what the research reveals. Jason from Austin Texas merely commented on a political station one of his friends had made on Facebook sing the former Senator Rick Santorum. Jason did non uncover his full name to the newsman Jason Brashear who writes for CivilinWars. com with his narrative. For the deficiency of confusion from here on out. the newsman will be noted as Brashear. The remark that got Jason in problem was â€Å"I wish there was a charming wand to do Santorum disappear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This station was taken straight off of the station yarn on February 20. 2012. The Austin Police and two Williamson County Sherriff’s deputies were alerted to the station and tried to turn up Jason. After unsuccessfully happening Jason at his work. the officers called Jason and set up a meeting subsequently that flushing at Jason’s place. The officers explained they were at that place because of a possible menace to Senator Santorum. Jason did non cognize that Senator Santorum had a visit planned for Austin in the following few yearss. The visit was far plenty in the hereafter from the station for the local jurisprudence enforcement to be sent to Jason’s house to look into the possible menace. The officers were at that place to look around the house for any images of the Senator or grounds of anything planned against the Senator. The local governments deemed that Jason was non a menace and no farther action was taken against him. Jason’s Facebook security scenes were set up as private. The private scenes mean the stations are treated like a private e-mail amongst friends. ( Brashear. Feb 25. 2012 ) It was the perfect storm for Jason a apparently harmless station. the topic of the station coming to town in a short clip. and the Federal Government monitoring for cardinal words or phrases. The Federal Government merely reacted to identify words that pinged through their trailing system. The single privateness rights of Jason were non violated due to the contents of his station and the possible national security hazard to the presidential campaigner former Senator Santorum. Jason’s station threw up ruddy flags through the Department of Homeland Security societal media supervising system with the usage of one word. Because the station contained the word Santorum. the staying words became relevant to any probes that followed. Because the former Senator was a possible presidential campaigner for the Republican Party his name became a ruddy flag point for the Department of Homeland Security. Had Jason make the same station. but eliminate the usage of Santorum’s name. it is the belief of this writer that there would hold been no visit from the local governments. The usage of the former Senator’s name on a societal media site was the cause of the probe of Jason by the governments. It is the Federal Government’s occupation to measure every possible menace both foreign and domestic. By Santorum trying to go the Republican Party’s campaigner for President of the United States. he became a possible mark for Acts of the Apostless of terrorist act or force against that needed protection. If the monitoring of societal media by the Federal Government was non in topographic point. Jason may hold been plotting an onslaught on former Senator Santorum and executed a program of onslaught without notice. It is because of the Patriot Act and the autonomies to supervise the universe through societal media sites that enabled the Federal Government to look into Jason as a possible menace. do a determination that he was non a menace. and let him to return to his mundane life. This has non been the instance for other possible terrorists after the Patriot Act was signed into jurisprudence in 2001. Since the origin of the Patriot Act in October of 2001. 50 possible terrorist secret plans have been averted. ( Carafano. Bucci. Zuckerman. Apr 25. 2012 ) All 50 of the possible menaces vary with how engineering aided in the information being obtained by the Federal Government. Every one of the menaces were straight affected by the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act is Uniting and Strengthening America by Supplying Appropriate Tools Required to Interrupt and Obstruct Terrorism ( USA PATRIOT ACT ) Act of 2001. ( Public Law 107-56. Oct 26. 2001 ) The Patriot Act deemed it necessary to supervise the altering technological universe. It covers everything from national to international menace. banking to societal media. and terrorist to good citizen. Through the old ages the Federal Government has created a bombilation word database that generates a â€Å"red flag† when seen or heard. The Department of Homeland Security released a transcript of their Analyst’s Desktop Binder in 2011 which houses 337 words or phrases that are considered buzz words. The words or phrases that are contained in the Analyst’s Desktop Binder are considered a baseline or the beginning. This means that at a minimal the 337 words or phrases listed are monitored on a day-to-day footing. Wordss or phrases are added to and removed from the list on a day-to-day footing. The list is modified based on current events go oning. Current events change what may go a mark for Acts of the Apostless of force and terrorist act. These words are monitored through the Department of Homeland Security’s National Operations Center. The Department of Homeland Security’s web site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dhs. gov/about-office-operations-coordination-and-planning ) describes the National Operations Center. â€Å"Through the National Operations Center. the Office provides real-time situational consciousness and monitoring of the fatherland. coordinates incidents and response activities. and. in concurrence with the Office of Intelligence and Analysis. issues advisories and bulletins refering menaces to homeland security. every bit good as specific protective steps. The NOC – which operates 24 hours a twenty-four hours. seven yearss a hebdomad. 365 yearss a twelvemonth – coordinates information sharing to assist deter. detect. and prevent terrorist Acts of the Apostless and to pull off domestic incidents. Information on domestic incident direction is shared with Emergency Operations Centers at all degrees through the Homeland Security Information Network ( HSIN ) . † The NOC is the monitoring centre for the Department of Homeland Security. They are the responsible for monitoring and pass oning possible menaces to other bureaus within the Federal Government. Most if non all possible menaces that are stopped by the Federal Government are a direct consequence of the NOC monitoring and communicating system. The Federal Governments need to supervise the increasing popularity of societal media is based on some of the Numberss discussed before. As of November 19. 2012 there was an estimated 7 billion people in the universe. ( World Wide Web. nose count. gov. November 19. 2012 ) That means that over 14 % of the world’s population are considered active users of Facebook and 7 % are active day-to-day users. Active users are persons that have histories but may non log on every twenty-four hours. The active day-to-day user Numberss describe an single logging onto their history each twenty-four hours. If an history holder’s privateness scenes are non rigorous. they have the ability to post anything for anyone to see. Let us believe back to Jason for a minute. his security scenes were rigorous and he was questioned by the local governments for his station. Without the Patriot Act leting for the monitoring of societal media sites like Facebook. Jason’s station would non hold been seen by anyone but whom he allows to see his information. The Patriot Act enables Federal Government bureaus like NOC to see an individual’s information regardless of the security scenes. On an history holder’s Facebook page. they are invited to post â€Å"What’s on your mind† upon first logging on to the site. The single privateness is compromised when the person really writes what is on their head. If any of the 337 words or phrases are used in a station. electronic mail. or blog the NOC will cognize. The NOC will so advise the appropriate local. province. or national governments to look into the possible menace. Jason may hold been unfortunate plenty to hold received a visit from the local governments. but what if he really posed a possible menace to the presidential campaigner and nil was done about it? The Patriot Act and the Federal Government’s need to supervise engineering and societal media has aided in taking possible injury to the huge bulk of our state. Some may reason that the Patriot violates single privateness and their right to freedom of address. This writer believes that without the Patriot Act and the autonomies granted to the Federal Government to supervise the people of this universe through the societal media sites like Facebook. there would be a batch more terrorist actions that have succeeded. The Federal Government’s ability to place and be afforded adequate clip to respond to possible menaces through supervising the societal media sites like Facebook has made this state a safer topographic point to populate. MentionsBrashear. J. ( Feb 25. 2012 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. citizenwars. com/facebook-user-interrogated-authorities-post/ Carafano. J. . Bucci. S. . Zuckerman. J. ( Apr 25. 2012 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. heritage. org/research/reports/2012/04/fifty-terror-plots-foiled-since-9-11-the-homegrown-threat-and-the-long-war-on-terrorism Department of Homeland Security. 2011. Analyst’s Desktop Binder. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dhs. gov Patriot Act. ( 2001 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. justness. gov/archive/ll/highlights. htm. ( Choice â€Å"Text of the Patriot Act† ) Potalinski. E. ( Oct 4. 2012 ) . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //thenextweb. com/facebook/2012/10/04/facebook-hits-1-billion-active-users/

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci

Symmetry and Proportion by Vitruvius and Da Vinci Architecture depends on symmetry, what Vitruvius calls the proper agreement between the members of the work itself. Symmetry is from the Greek word symmetros meaning measured together. Proportion is from the Latin word proportio meaning for the part, or the relationship of the portions. What humans consider beautiful has been examined for thousands of years. Humans may have an innate preference for what looks acceptable and beautiful. A man with tiny hands and a large head may look out of proportion. A woman with one breast or one leg may look asymmetrical. Humans spend an enormous amount of money every day on what they consider is a beautiful body image. Symmetry and proportion may be as much a part of us as our DNA. Diagram Of ManS Proportions From Vitruvius Translation, 1558. Bettmann/Getty Images (cropped) How do you design and build the perfect building? Like the human body, structures have parts, and in architecture those parts can be put together in many ways. Design, from the Latin word designare meaning to mark out, is the overall process, but design outcomes depend on symmetry and proportion. Says who? Vitruvius. De Architectura Ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio wrote the first architecture textbook called On Architecture (De Architectura). Nobody knows when it was written, but it reflects the dawn of human civilization - in the first century B.C. into the first decade A.D. It wasnt until the Renaissance, however, when the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome were reawakened, that De Architectura was translated into Italian, French, Spanish, and English. During the 1400s, 1500s, and 1600s, what became known as The Ten Books on Architecture was widely distributed with a number of added illustrations. Much of the theory and construction basics spelled out by Vitruvius for his patron, the Roman Emperor, inspired Renaissance architects and designers of that day and even those in the 21st century. So, what does Vitruvius say? Leonardo da Vinci Sketches Vitruvius Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) is sure to have read Vitruvius. We know this because da Vincis notebooks are filled with sketches based on the words in De Architectura. Da Vincis famous drawing of The Vitruvian Man is a sketch directly from the words of Vitruvius. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses in his book: SYMMETRY in the human body the central point is naturally the navel. For if a man be placed flat on his back, with his hands and feet extended, and a pair of compasses centered at his navel, the fingers and toes of his two hands and feet will touch the circumference of a circleAnd just as the human body yields a circular outline, so too a square figure may be found from it.For if we measure the distance from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, and then apply that measure to the outstretched arms, the breadth will be found to be the same as the height, as in the case of plane surfaces which are perfectly square. Note that Vitruvius begins with a focal point, the navel, and the elements are measured from that point, forming the geometry of circles and squares. Even todays architects design this way. Drawing of the Proportions of a Head by Leonardo da Vinci. Fratelli Alinari IDEA S.p.A./Getty Images (cropped) PROPORTION Da Vincis notebooks also show sketches of body proportions. These are some of the words Vitruvius uses to show relationships between elements of a human body: the face, from the chin to the top of the forehead and the lowest roots of the hair, is a tenth part of the whole heightthe open hand from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger is a tenth part of the whole bodythe head from the chin to the crown is an eighth partwith the neck and shoulder from the top of the breast to the lowest roots of the hair is a sixthfrom the middle of the breast to the summit of the crown is a fourththe distance from the bottom of the chin to the under side of the nostrils is one third of itthe nose from the under side of the nostrils to a line between the eyebrows is a thirdthe forehead, from between the eyebrows to the lowest roots of the hair, is a thirdthe length of the foot is one sixth of the height of the bodythe length of the forearm is one fourth the height of the bodythe breadth of the breast is also one fourth the height of the body Da Vinci saw that these relationships between elements were also the mathematical relationships found in other parts of nature. What we think of as the hidden codes in architecture, Leonardo da Vinci saw as divine. If God designed with these ratios when He made man, then man should design the built environment with the ratios of sacred geometry. Thus in the human body there is a kind of symmetrical harmony between forearm, foot, palm, finger, and other small parts, writes Vitruvius, and so it is with perfect buildings. Designing with Symmetry and Proportion Although European in origin, the concepts written down by Vitruvius seem to be universal. For example, researchers estimate that Native American Indians migrated to North America from Northern Asia about 15,000 years ago - well before even Vitruvius was alive. Yet when European explorers like Francisco Vsquez de Coronado from Spain first encountered the Wichita people in North America in the 1500s, symmetrical huts of grass were well-built and proportioned large enough to house entire familes. How did the Wichita people come up with this conical design and the proper agreement described by the Roman Vitruvius? Wichita Native American Grass House. Edward S. Curtis/George Eastman House/Getty Images (cropped) Concepts of symmetry and proportion can be used purposefully. Modernists of the early 20th century defied Classical symmetry by designing asymmetrical structures. Proportion has been used in spiritual architecture to accentuate the holy. For example, the Po Lin Monastery in Hong Kong shows not only the symmetry of the San Men Chinese mountain gate, but also how proportion can bring attention to the outlandishly large Buddha statue. Big Buddha at Po Lin Monastery, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, China. Tim Winter/Getty Images (cropped) By examining the human body, both Vitruvius and da Vinci understood the importance of symmetrical proportions in design. As Vitruvius writes, in perfect buildings the different members must be in exact symmetrical relations to the whole general scheme. This is the same theory behind architectural design today. Our intrinsic sense of what we consider beautiful may come from symmetry and proportion. Sources Vitruvius. On Symmetry: In Temples and in the Human Body, Book III, Chapter One, Ten Books on Architecture translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, 1914, The Project Gutenberg, gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/20239-h.htmRaghavan et al. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans, Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6250, August 21, 2015, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6250/aab3884Wichita Indian grass house, Kansas Historical Society, kansasmemory.org/item/210708

Management Issue Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Issue Paper - Essay Example This is while guaranteeing the organization’s success. This paper will examine such challenges, and how managers are forced to change to solve such problems, lest they fall victim to an ever-changing business environment. Business leaders need to work on their strategies to ensure they stay afloat in an environment that requires innovation, brilliance, and sharp minds. This means that, business leaders must always change and reinvent themselves with the hope of remaining relevant to their organizations. This may be through helping to attain the organization’s targets and goals, hiring a task force that may manage to keep up with the changing times, uphold the organization’s code of ethics, and most importantly; be a leader. However, challenges and issues arise in and outside the organization that require immediate intervention from managers. Generational differences in the workplace are one such external issue managers have to contend with regularly (Glicken and Robinson 136). Challenge for Managers in the Workplace Tension and interesting dynamics are often created in the workplace due to generational differences. ... o manage to make it into such business organizations have to face the fact that their input is limited, and may only go as far as the older members of the organization dictate. Innovative ideas that may be fresh from university or college have to take a backseat as older organization members dictate the terms of their operations (Goad 99). Generational differences in the workplace may be an issue that affects some, if not all organizations. The proposal to have a specific age limit in the organization is often met with resistance, and sometimes leads to significant conflicts that affect the overall performance of the organization. The transitions that are taking place in most organizations require steadfast leadership that is keen on putting the organization in the frontline, rather than the feelings and thoughts of a few individuals. The gaps that are present in the workplace form the basis for most misunderstandings as there are clear divisions between the different age groups pres ent (Goad 122). This creates conflict, which means that the organization’s culture does not revolve around the ethic of care and compassion. Why this is a problem for managers and how it impacts the business Managers in an environment where there are so many sets of values, work styles, and expectations require the skill-set to be leaders, and not just organization heads. In this environment, they are meant to act as mentors where teaching, and not telling, should be the manager’s approach. Some of these critical skills are aimed at bringing out the best in people who work in that organization. However, when faced with such a challenge, managers tend to shy away from their functions. It becomes next to impossible for them to manage their employees, especially those who might be their

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Summary - Essay Example While Pennsylvania showed average tuition and fee charges as $8410 in 2005-2006, it was $3100 in Florida and $6910 in South Carolina. In fact, there was notable difference in charges as well as in the student enrollment in various institutions. A number of reasons are pointed out as the factors driving tuition charges. Dennis Jones suggests tuition setting in public institutions as closely related to the health of other institutional revenues. Apparent influences of a variety of political factors in postsecondary policy making at the state level has been observed. Various examinations revealed relationships between indicators of educational structure and indicators of political influence. Descriptive representation compares the similarities in background between elected officials and their constituents. On the contrary, substantive representation refers to the interests elected officials serve. There are various opinions on the enhancement of substantive representation and various mo dels are also developed. The model named ‘presence’ assumes minority representatives to act as stronger advocates for minority constituents (McLendon et al, 6). The panel-data model implies that pricing behavior of universities is heterogeneous and is difficult to be captured using available data (McLendon et al, 15).

Academic performance and technology Essay Example for Free

Academic performance and technology Essay Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft. While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War. The early era of space exploration was driven by a Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States, the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSRs Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period. See more: Recruitment and selection process essay The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station (Salyut 1) in 1971. After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program, and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS). With the substantial completion of the ISS following STS-133 in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the USA remain in flux. Constellation, a Bush Administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009. The Obama Administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low earth orbit (LEO), envisioning extending the operation of the ISS beyond 2020, transferring the development of launch vehicles for human crews from NASA to the private sector, and developing technology to enable missions to beyond LEO, such as Earth/Moon L1, the Moon, Earth/Sun L2, near-earth asteroids, and Phobos or Mars orbit.[5] As of March 2011, the US Senate and House of Representatives are still working towards a compromise NASA funding bill, which will probably terminate Constellation and fund development of a heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV).[6] In the 2000s, the Peoples Republic of China initiated a successful manned spaceflight program, while the European Union, Japan, and India have also planned future manned space missions. China, Russia, Japan, and India have advocated manned missions to the Moon during the 21st century, while the European Union has advocated manned missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 21st century. From the 1990s onwards, private interests began promoting space tourism and then private space exploration of the Moon (see Google Lunar X Prize). Benefits of this to Mankind There are critics who disagree with the expenditure on space exploration, which they claim can better be used to solve earthly problems. However, they seem to forget that this is one of the fields which tests a mans intellect. But, how does a common man draw benefits of space exploration? The advances made in field of space exploration can be well used in other fields such as medicine, agriculture, etc. The following is the list of benefits of space exploration to mankind: Global Positioning System: The mankind depends on the sea trade for transportation of food grains, fossil fuels, metal ores, etc. Global navigation system, GPS helps in timely delivery of these essential goods by providing the ships with essential navigation information. The GNS services are made available using networks of satellites which also enables satellite Internet and satellite phones. Weather Forecast and Agriculture: Gone are the days, when we used to take an umbrella with us while going out if there were black clouds in the sky. Now we can rely on the weather reports updated on an hourly basis. The accurate weather forecast is possible only because of the satellites in the space. The satellites also help us in predicting the crop yields, pest infestation and the area under cultivation. Natural Calamities: It is easy to predict natural calamities such as floods, storms, tornadoes, hurricanes and to locate wildfires and their extent with the help of satellites. Minerals and Mining: Minerals buried deep under the Earths surface can be located using satellites. Precious fossil fuels can be found with the help of satellites. Electronics: The field of electronics and computers have also benefited from the space exploration. The astronauts have manufactured miniature electronic parts that could only be produced in the space during their experiments in the space stations and space shuttles. Asteroids: It is believed that an asteroid strike eliminated the dinosaurs on the Earth. One of the benefits of space exploration is that we know about the thousands of asteroids and we can also be vigilant about their drifts. May be we could prevent dinosaurian death of mankind, if and when an asteroid is positioned to repeat history. If it happens, it would be because of the knowledge which is the direct benefit of space exploration. Energy Source: The scientists and researchers all over the world are attempting to harness the power of nuclear fusion. The process which enables the Sun to produce energy in abundance. It is believed that quantity of electricity generated using 1kg of hydrogen would be equivalent to that of 11,000 metric tons of coal. Medicine: Another field to glean the benefits of the satellite exploration is that of medicine. Metal alloys that are manufactured to be used in spacecraft and space shuttles are also used in the health care industry. Nitinol, an alloy is used to make braces. The miniature electronic components which were developed for the space program can be used in electronic pain-control device that some patients need to use. The implantable insulin pump is based on the mechanical robot arm developed for the Mars Voyager probe. The space exploration benefits also encompasses the field of communication which needs no explanation. The applications of knowledge and the technologies, that are the outcome of the mans efforts to explore space, are making his life easier indeed!

Time Warner :: essays research papers

In January 2000, AOL and Time Warner announced a record setting $166 Billion Dollar merger. Referred to as â€Å"the Deal of the Century† the talk immediately centered on the potential synergies the new company would realize. Steve Case, announced as Chairman, championed the idea of AOL/Time Warner as the â€Å"Wal-Mart† of the media and entertainment industry – a one-stop shop marketplace for advertisers to reach their audience. Case envisioned fully integrated advertising campaigns with bundled AOL/Time Warner products. The idea was simple enough: through a single point of contact, a marketer like Pepsi could get product placement in a major event movie, run a sweepstakes promotion on the web with the winner appearing in a Warner Brothers sitcom, sponsor a Warner Music artist’s concert tour and distribute a national print and television branding campaign. Investors applauded. AOL/Time Warner’s scale & scope would give it a clear advantage over stand alone competitors. Furthermore, with the integration of Time Warner, AOL, the leading ISP, with 40% of the US market, would be able to differentiate its products with proprietary content from such established brands as People Magazine and Sports Illustrated. Time Warner executives, in turn, saw AOL as a new distribution pipeline into consumer households that could be used to promote and extend their collection of brands. The deal seemed to make sense for both sides. So what went wrong? The big question these days is: Should Time Warner sell AOL? Is the company stronger together or apart? Over the past year, analysts, investors and company executives have grappled with this issue. Since it helps to understand a company’s past when making a decision about its future, we have structured this presentation in the following format: First we will briefly review AOL & Time Warner’s market positions as separate companies. Second we will cover the complex merger issues that concerned federal regulators. And third, we will take a look at the period directly following the merger’s approval. Finally, once we have painted the full picture of the merger and its results, we will conclude with our recommendation for the company’s future. Prior to merging with AOL, Time Warner, was itself the result of two successful mega mergers. The first was in 1989 when Time-Life, a print media company, merged with Warner Communications, an entertainment company with interests in movies and music. This was subsequently followed up with the merger of Turner Broadcasting Systems, Ted Turner’s Atlanta based company with cable properties like TNT and CNN. These two mergers had created a powerful, vertically and horizontally integrated media company but still, something was missing.

Marie Curie’s Biography

Maria Sklodowska was Marie Curie’s birth name. She was born in a family of middle class. Both of her parents have been instructors at Warsaw during the Russian occupation. After being a participant of a certain revolutionary act when she was in her teenage years, Marie decided to pursue her studies at Cracow which is a part of Poland under the Austrian government. She finished her degrees in Sorbonne University Paris. Here is where she gained her mathematical sciences and physics license. It is during these years that she met Pierre Curie and married him. They had two daughters, Irene and Eva.During also her stay in Paris, she changed her name from Maria to Marie. . Work and Early Research Marie Curie has been the Head of Physics Laboratory at the University in Sorbonne. She successfully completed her Doctorate in Science on 1903. On Pierre’s Death, she also succeeded his place as the Professor of General Physics. Her early research with her husband, Pierre focused on t he chemical properties of radiation. Her curiosity and interest on radiation grew upon its discovery by Henri Becquerel. Marie Curie believes that radiation is something that could be efficiently used in able to cure and improve health.Marie and Pierre’s research on radiation results to the discovery of two new elemental components which are polonium and radium. Marie Curie focuses her research on the separation of radium from other radioactive materials to be able to know its attribute and its possible benefits. Pierre Curie and their Discovery It is the hard work that Marie corroborated with her husband Pierre that the chemical element radium and polonium was known. Nonetheless, Marie was the one who have given the element a more expound research and attention. Pierre died as a result of studying the element polonium and radium.The whole thing started from a hypothesis that revolves on the assumption of radiation as something that is emitted by an element or a substance whi ch corresponds to a possibility of lesser weight due to the activity that took some energy. The process, Marie and Pierre Curie believes, was a product of the transformation or changes that atoms undergo. The couple decided then to look for some proof that could serve as evidence of their theory. Luckily, they succeeded. It through the observation of an radioactive matter that they have been able to locate radium and polonium.During their observation, the couple found out that the matter losses weight as radiation occurs. Importance of Radium Henri Becquerel had discovered radiation as a property possessed or emitted by the element uranium. Nonetheless through a closer study and deeper research, both Marie and Pierre Currie found out that uranium was not the only substance known to emit radiation. They have actually realized that there are other materials in which radiation could be found. Such activity of matter was named by Marie Currie as something that possesses radioactivity.Up on the discovery that other substances also emit radiation, Marie Curie have set fort into taking a closer look in the new found element radium. The importance of this element lies on its being a simple element. Having been able to separate radium provides a support to Marie Currie’s earlier hypothesis concerning the fact that radioactivity is something that could be use as a property of matter, as an atomic property. As this hypothesis was proven by the defining character of radium, it also opened the door into understanding that other elements might as well contain the property.If this is the case, then it would be easier for the scientist or discoverers of Marie Curie’s time to locate other basic elements and prove their existence. With the growing acceptance of Marie Curie’s hypothesis and with the acknowledgement of the role of radiation, there were about 30 elements that were predicted to exist. The burden of proof lies on the process that such elements co uld be analyzed as an isolated chemical element since these elements are incapable of being distinguish with the use of chemical methods.Through the experiments and the data that Marie Curie extracted and discovered in Radium, she has been able to positively assume the possibility of atomic transformation in elements since in able to create radium; there have been a formation of helium. Radium also up until today is viewed as the most efficient source of laboratory radiation. It makes the study of radiation much easier. Aside from that, the uses of radiation have also been explored more conveniently than before. Polonium? Marie continued her study to be able to prove that radium is in fact a new element.She concentrated on creating pure radium and to determine its atomic weight. Now, many might be wondering why polonium did not obtained the same status and was not extensively studied as radium. The answer lies on the fact that while there are only minute amount of radium that were g athered in laboratories, it is said that only a fraction of this amount is what Marie and Pierre could create. With such very miniscule amount, it is quite impossible to determine much of its qualities, much more its possible uses. Later Life Marie Curie after the death of her husband, have continued their study.She has been very well recognized and throughout her lifetime has received two Nobel Prizes. The first Nobel Prize was for the work she shared with Peter and Henri Becquerel which is concerned with the proof of the existence and importance of radiation. The second Nobel Prize was for the discovery of Radium and its property. Along with this was proving that radium is an atomic quality and that atoms undergo atomic transformations. Marie Curie devoted most of her adult life to her discovery. In line with this, Marie Curie tried to use her discovery with technology.This could be reflected upon the innovations of X-ray mobiles that help locate and cure broken bones and other di seases during World War I. She promoted the use of radiation and also helped in the establishment of a Laboratory for radiation in Warsaw. She managed to do this from a gift granted by President Hoover in 1929 from the United States. Marie Curie was admired by the scientific world during her days up until today. She has been a member of Conseil du Physique Solvay and Committee of Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations.Madame Marie Curie died on 1934 in Savoy France. She died due to old age since because of her exposure to radiation during her early life; her immune system somehow suffers that weaken her during old age. Importance of Marie Curie in Scientific Arena The importance of Marie Curie’s work lies on its utility in medicine and its application to the scientific community. To someone who is not much accustomed to the western innovations and studies, the discussion regarding the impacts of Marie curie’s work may struck as something weird and somehow n onsensical.In able to avoid this kind of thinking, it would be better to look at how Marie Curie have been able to promote the advancement of medication and have influenced the role of radiation to a simple human life. As we all know, x-rays was now an ancient method to conduct examination regarding bone structures and other diseases inside the body. However during Marie Curie’s lifetime and the time before ultrasounds and ct scans have been invented, X-rays play a dominant role in medicine. X-rays help doctors distinguish what kind of operation is possible. It also tells the doctor which part of the bone was fractured and what the needed medication is.X-rays are still used nowadays in airports and train stations to see what is inside the luggage. This is important to promote security and safety of the passengers and the country or society. The discovery of the property of radioactivity gives us warning about its possible dangers. For one, there are certain places with high a mount of radiation that are considered as off-limits to ordinary people. There are protective gears that were being required to be used in factories which somehow produce amounts of radioactive materials. Even natural sources of radiation such as that which came from the sun also require protection.Too much exposure to radiation has adverse effect to the body and with the fact that radiation is naturally occurring and could be found instantly almost everywhere. Precautions concerning radiation shall be implemented. However, it is of common knowledge that without the characterization and study made by Marie Curie during her time, information regarding radiation may not be as how we know it to do. There could be several delays in scientific progress, since there are about 30 elements that are discovered only upon the discovery of radioactivity. Works CitedNobelprize. org. Radium and the New Concepts in Chemistry. Nobel Web AB. 2007. Retrieved on December 14, 2007. Retrieved from the W orld Wide Web: http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-lecture. html Curie, Marie. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2007. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Retrieved on December 14, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9028252/Marie-Curie Ogilvie, M. B. Marie Curie: A Biography. Greenwood Press. 2004. Quinn, S. Marie Curie: A Life. Perseus Book Group. 1996.

Divorce †Cause and Effect Essay

Before a marriage is fully â€Å"matured† 3 out of 10 fail and resort in a divorce. No child want’s to hear the word divorce mentioned by their parents, little alone the other spouse. Many now a days seek divorce as an â€Å"easy way out,† given that they have an annulment. Some may even cheat the system and get married for the spouses money, title, or objects. The marriages that are there just for show, don’t tend to last as long and become unhappy. In a marriage anything can go wrong from bad communication, cheating, and abuse. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, once a Russian novelist said, â€Å"much unhappiness come into the world because of bewilderment and things left unsaid.† The number one reason marriages end is because of the lack of communication in the relation, according to Huffington Post. There are five main instances where a lack of communication can affect the marriage. The first one, is hiding your feelings. If you’re having a heated conv ersation with your spouse but keeping in feelings or problems then where is your relationship going to go? Oh I can help, nowhere. The next type is bodily or physical. Simply rolling your eyes, walking away from the conversation, shrugging your shoulder, or even the lack of eye contact can push someone away. A â€Å"win-lose attitude† is one of the most aggravating things for someone to do, personally. If someone always says, â€Å"it wasn’t me,† if they’re judgemental or a very negative person it can agitate you and even bring you down. Lastly a lack of politeness can make someone feel underappreciated. If you continuously do something for someone and they correspond in a uncaring manner you will tend to feel over time like you don’t matter. The simple command, like â€Å"take the dog out,† can seem abrasive. They’re no such thing as over kindness, if someone does something nice for you, you can just simply correspond with a â€Å"thank you.† â€Å"Thank you honey,† any house wife, or husband would love to hear of their spouse. Just by keeping the à ¢â‚¬Å"spark† between you and your spouse lite can help keep them interested in you, instead of others. Infidelity is the cause for 53% of a divorce. Only 31% of marriages last after a cheating incident, and a whopping 53% of relationships are cheated. Isn’t it ironic though how psychiatrists and marriage counselors are the top two professions for the divorce rate. you would think since they work with helping marriages, that they’d have a lower chance, I guess not in this case. Many events can lead to infidelity. After the first year in the marriage there is the same  habitual activities every day where the cheater may feel like they need something new in life, which is when someone may first turn to cheat. Having a child is a huge factor, it’ll affect the relationship no matter what you have done. The stress of having to completely care for another human being can affect you mentally, and some feel like they want to go out and have an adventure, but they turn to the wrong activity when that happens. When it comes to the 5th to 7th year, also known as â€Å"the seven year itch.† By this time most coup les may have obtained the â€Å"american dream,† but they start to become bored and unhappy, so they turn to something new, to change things up. Then there’s the mid-life crisis. Generally around this time you’ve spent 20 years with the person, but you’re just not quite sure that another 20 you want to be with the person. These instances are generally the reasons which fuels someone to cheat. It’s not always the case, but these are the times when infidelity is started. Just picture 5 million women, which is just a quarter of women in a marriage. That mere 25% is the percentage of women that have been in a abusive relationship. There’s six different way abuse can happen, the following are: physical, emotional, verbal, economic, mental, and sexual.Why do they do it? They seek to control their spouse. Emotional, mental, and verbal is generally how it starts, but then it can progress to sexual and economic. It can be hard for These types of abuse though don’t always pertain to the spouse, it could be happening to a child or children of the couple. To say divorce only affects the two joined in holy matrimony is an unstatement. The children, friends, family, everyone thats connected to the two can be effected. As a child that has divorced parent, since I was two, can say it still affects me. I have to figure out a time during break when I can go that doesn’t conflict too much with my sports, I barely get to see my dad, and it’s hard to see my mom work and earn all of the money, by herself for us. So if you don’t want your marriage to end try to keep good communication a priority, whatever you do don’t cheat, and be sure to check if you’re being or are abusive, so you can get help to work on it. Sources Facts, Infidelity. â€Å"Infidelity Facts and Information.† Infidelity Facts. n.d. 27 March 2014. Pave, Project. â€Å"6 Types of Abuse.† Just for Teens. n.d. 27 March 2014. Post, Huffington. â€Å"Divorce Causes: 5 Communication Habits That Lead To Divorce.† November 29, 2012. HuffPost. 27 March 2014.

The French and Indian War essays

The French and Indian War essays The French and Indian War was the beginning of the American Revolution. During this war, tensions grew to an immense degree, especially when the British found out that the Americans were secretly trading with their enemies the French and the Spanish. Also, when the British issued the Proclamation of 1763 to try to prohibit the colonists from migrating west, the colonists became extremely upset, thinking that the British were siding with the Native Americans who lived there. The colonists moved anyway, in spite of the Proclamation, and the Native Americans became their blood enemies. Due to this, the colonials were able to increase their self-esteem and military experience while becoming united with ideas of independence. Before the French and Indian War was initialized in the Ohio Valley in 1754, Great Britain treated the colonists with salutary neglect which enabled the colonials to grow on their own for about four decades. However, this all changed when the British entered the war by invading Canadian territory in 1756 and fought alongside with the American militiamen. The presence of the British Redcoats began to kindle animosity with the colonials because the more experienced British soldiers treated the American soldiers with contempt and acted as if they were higher than them. This growing tension between Britain and her colonies grew even worst during the war when the British discovered that the colonists were secretly trading with their enemies, the French and the Spanish, by using fraud papers. In response to this, the British were forced to discontinue the export of all goods from the New England and Middle colonies towards the end of the war. When the French were removed from North America at the end of the war, several combined Indian tribes under the leadership of Pontiac invaded and destroyed all but three British posts on the western frontier. This event convinced the British Parliament to s...

History of Mandarin Chinese

History of Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and Taiwan, and its one of the official languages of Singapore and the United Nations. It is the most widely-spoken language in the world. Dialects Mandarin Chinese is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"dialect,† but the distinction between dialects and languages is not always clear. There are many different versions of Chinese spoken throughout China, and these are usually classified as dialects.   There are other Chinese dialects, such as Cantonese, which is spoken in Hong Kong, that are very distinct from Mandarin. However, many of these dialects use Chinese characters for their written form, so that Mandarin speakers and Cantonese speakers (for example) can understand each other through writing, even though the spoken languages are mutually unintelligible. Language Family and Groups Mandarin is part of the Chinese family of languages, which in turn is part of the Sino-Tibetan language group. All Chinese languages are tonal, which means that the way words are pronounced varies their meanings. Mandarin has ​four tones. Other Chinese languages have up to ten distinct tones. The word â€Å"Mandarin† actually has two meanings when referring to language. It can be used to refer to a particular group of languages, or more commonly, as the Beijing dialect that is the standard language of mainland China. The Mandarin group of languages includes standard Mandarin (the official language of mainland China), as well as Jin (or Jin-yu), a language spoken in the central-north region of China and inner Mongolia. Local Names for Mandarin The name â€Å"Mandarin† was first used by the Portuguese to refer to the magistrates of the Imperial Chinese court and the language they spoke. Mandarin is the term used through much of the Western world, but the Chinese themselves refer to the language as æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu), å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”), or è  ¯Ã¨ ¯ ­ (hu yÇ”). æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu) literally means â€Å"common language† and is the term used in mainland China. Taiwan uses å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”) which translates to national language, and Singapore and Malaysia refer to it as è  ¯Ã¨ ¯ ­ (hu yÇ”) which means Chinese language. How Mandarin Became Chinas Official Language Due to its immense geographic size, China has always been a land of many languages and dialects. Mandarin emerged as the language of the ruling class during the latter part of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). The capital of China switched from Nanjing to Beijing in the latter part of the Ming Dynasty and remained in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). Since Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect, it naturally became the official language of the court. Nonetheless, the large influx of officials from various parts of China meant that many dialects continued to be spoken at the Chinese court. It was not until 1909 that Mandarin became the national language of China, å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ ( guà ³ yÇ”). When the Qing Dynasty fell in 1912, the Republic of China maintained Mandarin as the official language. It was renamed æ™ ®Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¯  (pÇ” tÃ… ng hu) in 1955, but Taiwan continues to use the name å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­ (guà ³ yÇ”). Written Chinese As one of the Chinese languages, Mandarin uses Chinese characters for its writing system. Chinese characters have a history dating back more than two thousand years. The early forms of Chinese characters were pictographs (graphic representations of real objects), but characters became more stylized and came to represent ideas as well as objects. Each Chinese character represents a syllable of the spoken language. Characters represent words, but not every character is used independently. The Chinese writing system is very complex and the most difficult part of learning Mandarin. There are thousands of characters, and they must be memorized and practiced to master the written language. In an attempt to improve literacy, the Chinese government began simplifying characters in the 1950s. These simplified characters are used in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia, while Taiwan and Hong Kong still use the traditional characters. Romanization Students of Mandarin  outside of Chinese-speaking countries often use Romanization in place of Chinese characters when first learning the language. Romanization uses the Western (Roman) alphabet to represent the sounds of spoken Mandarin, so it is a bridge between learning the spoken language and beginning the study of Chinese characters. There are many systems of Romanization, but the most popular for teaching materials is Pinyin.

MHE513 - Risk Assessment and Epidemiology Module 2 - Case Essay

MHE513 - Risk Assessment and Epidemiology Module 2 - Case - Essay Example The Public Health Statement of Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 2005) provides information about zinc, including the hazards associated with excessive exposure to the otherwise essential element. Zinc is a ubiquitous element of the earth’s crust, occurring in small amounts in almost all igneous rocks. It is widely distributed in air, water, soil, and all living matter. Zinc enters the environment both through natural processes and human activities, in particular activities such as mining, purification of zinc, lead and cadmium-containing ores, steel production, and coal and waste burning. Increased levels of zinc in the soil can occur through disposal of wastes from metal manufacturing industries and electrical utilities producing coal ash, and fertilizer application. Industrial and domestic sewage and run-off from soil containing zinc can release zinc into waterways and ground water. Zinc, present as fine dust particles in the air, is washed down by rain and snow into the lakes and rivers where it mostly settles on the bottom. A small amount of zinc may occur dissolved in water. The concentration of dissolved zinc increases with increasing acidity of water. Zinc and its compounds have many industrial uses including galvanization of iron and steel to prevent rusting and corrosion; preparation of alloys such as brass and copper; manufacturing of dry cell batteries, white paints, ceramics, rubber, fabric dyes and wood preserving compounds. Zinc is also an important constituent of cosmetics, hair-care and health-care products such as sunblock lotions, talcum powder, anti-dandruff shampoos, diaper rash ointments, deodorants etc. Zinc chloride is used to make smoke bombs. Zinc carbamates are used as pesticides (World Health Organization WHO, 1996). Exposure of humans to metals is generally inevitable as metals are ubiquitous in the environment. Chemicals including zinc are released into the environment (air, water